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This book offers a comprehensive overview of heart diseases and the role the echocardiogram plays in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. The book is split into two sections: the first section deals with heart diseases and the second section covers echocardiograms. Each chapter contains hand-drawn diagrams to help illustrate the complex topics.
Chapters cover other modalities including CMR and CT as well as Intra Cardiac Echocardiogram, Intra Vascular Echocardiogram, and Portable Echocardiogram. Chapters also offer tips for the practicing physician on how to be a team member and coordinate with different specialists involved – the cardiologist, the cardiothoracic surgeon, etc. In addition, the book discusses how to participate in both the diagnostic process as well as the treatment plan.
Heart Diseases and Echocardiogram is a must-have resource for practicing physicians, internists, cardiology fellows, echocardiogram technicians, cardiovascular surgeons.
Pages i-xiv
Front Matter
Pages 1-1
Anatomy of the Heart and Related Blood Vessels
Pages 3-24
Physiology of the Heart and Circulation Hemodynamics
Pages 25-53
Auscultation: Normal and Abnormal Heart Sounds: Aid in Diagnosis and Relationship to Echocardiogram
Pages 55-62
Cardiac Chambers, Inter Atrial Septum, Inter Ventricular Septum: Changes and Aid in Diagnosis
Pages 63-85
Mitral Valve: Stenosis, Regurgitation and Both
Pages 87-116
Other Pathologies of Mitral Valve: Congenital, Acquired, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 117-122
Aortic Valve: Stenosis, Regurgitation and Both
Pages 123-144
Other Pathologies of Aortic Valve: Congenital, Acquired, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 145-152
Tricuspid Valve: Stenosis, Regurgitation and Both
Pages 153-166
Other Pathologies of Tricuspid Valve: Congenital, Acquired, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 167-171
Pulmonary Valve: Stenosis, Regurgitation and Both
Pages 173-186
Other Pathologies of Pulmonary Valve: Congenital, Acquired, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 187-192
Atrial Septal Defect: Types, Hemodynamic Changes, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 193-205
Ventricular Septal Defect: Types, Hemodynamic Changes, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 207-219
Pages 221-226
Pages 227-229
Pericarditis: Types, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 231-243
Pericardial Effusion, Cardiac Tamponade, Echocardiographic Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pages 245-259
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Types, Echocardiographic Findings, Complications and Treatment Options
Pages 261-271
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Echocardiographic Findings, Complications and Treatment Options
Pages 273-283
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Echocardiographic Findings, Complications and Treatment Options
Pages 285-295
Tumors of the Heart: Benign, Malignant and Metastatic
Pages 297-310
Pages 311-320
Pages 321-329
Diseases of the Aorta, Coronary Arteries and Pulmonary Arteries
Pages 331-352
Diseases of the Pulmonary Veins, Venae Cavae and Coronary Sinus
Pages 353-368
Systemic Hypertension and Echocardiographic Findings
Pages 369-379
Pulmonary Hypertension and Echocardiographic Findings
Pages 381-394
Pages 395-411
Congenital Heart Defects (Other than ASD, VSD): Echocardiographic Findings and Treatment Options
Pages 413-435
Pages 437-446
Pages 447-463
Pages 465-479
Front Matter
Pages 481-481
Echocardiogram: Usefulness, Types, Interpretation
Pages 483-489
Preparing for Echocardiographic Examination of the Patient, Doing, Recording and Reporting Findings
Pages 491-495
The Echocardiogram Machine and the Different Knobs to Get an Optimal Image
Pages 497-504
Pages 505-519
The Different Echocardiographic Windows and Protocol for Echocardiogram
Pages 521-532
Parasternal Long Axis (PLAX) View. (Left Parasternal Window)
Pages 533-548
Parasternal Short Axis (PSAX) View. (Left Parasternal Window)
Pages 549-568
Apical Window: 4 Chamber, 5 Chamber, 2 Chamber and Long Axis Views
Pages 569-589
Subcostal Window: 4 Chamber, Short Axis and Inferior Vena Cava Views
Pages 591-607
Suprasternal Window: Long Axis and Short Axis of Aorta
Pages 609-617
Right Ventricular Inflow Tract (RVIT) View (Left Parasternal Window)
Pages 619-624
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) View (Parasternal Window)
Pages 625-629
Normal and Abnormal Value Ranges and Degrees
Pages 631-634
Formulae Used in Echocardiogram
Pages 635-638
The Use of 2D in Heart Conditions
Pages 639-650
The Use of M Mode in Heart Conditions
Pages 651-672
Doppler Study of the Heart (Spectral) in Different Pathological Conditions and Measurements
Pages 673-702
The Use of Color Doppler to Diagnose and Grade Flow Pathology in Different Pathological Conditions
Pages 703-728
Identifying Emergency Findings and Reporting Immediately
Pages 729-744
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE), Harmonics and Contrast Echocardiogram
Pages 745-759
3D Echocardiogram, Intra Cardiac Echocardiogram (ICE) and Intra Vascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
Pages 761-771
The Link Between Echocardiogram and Electrocardiogram
Pages 773-781
Other Diagnostic Modalities, Advantages and Disadvantages in Different Pathologic conditions
Pages 783-787
Pages 789-811
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