The WHO Classification of Tumours

Head and Neck Tumours is Volume 9 in the 5th edition of the WHO series on the classification of human tumours. This series (also known as the WHO Blue Books) is regarded as the gold standard for the diagnosis of tumours and comprises a unique synthesis of histopathological diagnosis with digital and molecular pathology. These authoritative and concise reference books provide indispensable international standards for anyone involved in the care of patients with cancer or in cancer research, underpinning individual patient treatment as well as research into all aspects of cancer causation, prevention, therapy, and education.

What’s new in this edition?

The 5th edition, guided by the WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, will establish a single coherent cancer classification presented across a collection of individual volumes organized on the basis of anatomical site (digestive system, breast, soft tissue and bone, etc.) and structured in a systematic manner, with each tumour type listed within a taxonomic classification: site, category, family (class), type, and subtype. In each volume, the entities are now listed from benign to malignant and are described under an updated set of headings, including histopathology, diagnostic molecular pathology, staging, and easy-to-read essential and desirable diagnostic criteria.

Who should read this book?

• Pathologists
• Oncologists
• Otolaryngologists
• Surgeons
• Radiologists
• Molecular pathologists
• Geneticists
• Cancer researchers
• Epidemiologists
• General practitioners
• Oncology nurses
• Cancer registrars

This volume

• Prepared by 285 authors and editors
• Contributors from around the world
• More than 1500 high-quality images
• More than 5000 references

Part A

1. Nasal, paranasal, and skull base tumours
2. Nasopharyngeal tumours
3. Hypopharyngeal, laryngeal, tracheal, and parapharyngeal tumours
4. Salivary gland tumours
5. Oral cavity and mobile tongue tumours
6. Oropharyngeal tumours
7. Odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours

Part B

8. Ear tumours

9. Soft tissue tumours

     10. Haematolymphoid proliferations and neoplasia

     11. Melanocytic tumours

     12. Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the neck and lymph nodes

     13. Germ cell tumours

     14. Metastasis

     15. Neuroendocrine neoplasms and paraganglioma

     16. Genetic tumour syndromes involving the head and neck

Striated duct adenoma 194
Sclerosing polycystic adenoma 196
Keratocystoma 198
Malignant epithelial tumours
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 200
Adenoid cystic carcinoma 204
Acinic cell carcinoma 207
Secretory carcinoma 210
Microsecretory adenocarcinoma 213
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma 215
Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma 218
Basal cell adenocarcinoma 220
Intraductal carcinoma 222
Salivary duct carcinoma 225
Myoepithelial carcinoma 228
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma 230
Mucinous adenocarcinoma 232
Sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma 234
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma 236
Carcinosarcoma of the salivary glands 238
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma 240
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma 242
Squamous cell carcinoma 244
Sialoblastoma 246
Salivary gland carcinoma NOS 248
Mesenchymal tumours specific to the salivary glands
Sialolipoma 250
5 Oral cavity and mobile tongue tumours 253
Introduction 254
Non-neoplastic lesions
Necrotizing sialometaplasia 255
Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia 257
Oral melanoacanthoma 259
Epithelial tumours
Papillomas
Squamous papilloma 261
Oral potentially malignant disorders and oral epithelial
dysplasia
Oral potentially malignant disorders 264
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia 266
Submucous fibrosis 269
Oral epithelial dysplasia 272
HPV-associated oral epithelial dysplasia 275
Squamous cell carcinomas
Oral squamous cell carcinoma 277
Verrucous carcinoma 282
Carcinoma cuniculatum 284
Tumours of uncertain histogenesis
Congenital granular cell epulis 286
Granular cell tumour 288
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour 290
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy 292
6 Oropharyngeal tumours 295
Introduction 296
Benign oropharyngeal lesions
Hamartomatous polyps 297
Epithelial tumours
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma, HPV-associated 299
Squamous cell carcinoma, HPV-independent 303
7 Odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours 305
Introduction 306
Cysts of the jaws
Radicular cyst 309
Inflammatory collateral cysts 311
Surgical ciliated cyst 313
Nasopalatine duct cyst 315
Gingival cysts 317
Dentigerous cyst 319
Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst 321
Lateral periodontal cyst and botryoid odonto-
genic cyst 323
Calcifying odontogenic cyst 325
Glandular odontogenic cyst 327
Odontogenic keratocyst 329
Odontogenic tumours
Benign epithelial odontogenic tumours
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour 331
Squamous odontogenic tumour 333
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour 335
Ameloblastoma, unicystic 337
Ameloblastoma, extraosseous/peripheral 339
Ameloblastoma, conventional 341
Adenoid ameloblastoma 344
Metastasizing ameloblastoma 346
Benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic
tumours
Odontoma 348
Primordial odontogenic tumour 350
Ameloblastic fibroma 352
Dentinogenic ghost cell tumour 354
Benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumours
Odontogenic fibroma 356
Cementoblastoma 358
Cemento-ossifying fibroma 360
Odontogenic myxoma 362
Malignant odontogenic tumours
Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma 364
Ameloblastic carcinoma 366
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma 369
Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma 371
Primary intraosseous carcinoma NOS 373
Odontogenic carcinosarcoma 375
Odontogenic sarcomas 377
Giant cell lesions and bone cysts
Central giant cell granuloma 379
Peripheral giant cell granuloma 381
Cherubism 383
Aneurysmal bone cyst 385
Simple bone cyst 387
Bone and cartilage tumours
Fibro-osseous tumours and dysplasias
Cemento-osseous dysplasia 389
Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia 391
Fibrous dysplasia 393
Juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma 395
Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma 397
Familial gigantiform cementoma 399
Benign maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours
Osteoma 401
Osteochondroma 403
Osteoblastoma 405
Chondroblastoma 407
Chondromyxoid fibroma 409
Desmoplastic fibroma of bone 411
Malignant maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours
Osteosarcoma of the jaw 413
The chondrosarcoma family of tumours 416
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 418
Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 rearrangement 420
PART B (IN ACCOMPANYING BOOK)
8 Ear tumours 423
Introduction 424
Tumours of the external auditory canal
Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis 425
Cystic chondromalacia 427
Exostosis (osteoma) of the ear 429
Ceruminous adenoma 431
Ceruminous adenocarcinoma 434
Squamous cell carcinoma of the external
auditory canal 437
Tumours of the middle and inner ear
Otosclerosis 439
Cholesteatoma 441
Middle ear papilloma 443
Vestibular schwannoma 445
Middle ear neuroendocrine tumour 448
Endolymphatic sac tumour 451
Middle ear squamous cell carcinoma 454
Middle ear adenocarcinoma 457
9 Soft tissue tumours 459
Introduction 460
Adipocytic tumours
Lipomas 461
Liposarcomas 464
Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumours
Nodular fasciitis 466
Desmoid fibromatosis 468
Solitary fibrous tumour 470
Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma 473
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour 475
Vascular tumours
Haemangioma 478
Epithelioid haemangioma 480
Lymphangioma 482
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma 484
Kaposi sarcoma 486
Angiosarcoma 489
Pericytic (perivascular) tumours
Myofibroma 491
Smooth muscle tumours
Leiomyoma and angioleiomyoma 493
EBV-associated smooth muscle tumour 495
Smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant
potential 497
Leiomyosarcoma 499
Skeletal muscle tumours
Rhabdomyoma 502
Rhabdomyosarcomas 505
Chondro-osseous tumours
Chondroma 509
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours
Neurofibroma 511
Schwannoma 513
Neuromas 516
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour 518
Tumours of uncertain differentiation
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour 520
Myxoma 523
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma 525
Synovial sarcoma 527
GLI1-altered soft tissue tumour 530
Undifferentiated sarcoma 532
Undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of bone and
soft tissue
Ewing sarcoma 534
10 Haematolymphoid proliferations and neoplasia 537
Introduction 538
Reactive haematolymphoid and related lesions
Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 539
EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer 544
IgG4-related disease 546
Myeloid tumours
Myeloid sarcoma 551
B-cell lymphomas
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 553
Mantle cell lymphoma 556
Follicular lymphoma 558
Paediatric-type follicular lymphoma 561
Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement 563
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 565
Burkitt lymphoma 567
Plasmacytoma 570
Plasmablastic lymphoma 573
T/NK-cell tumours
T-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma 575
Primary mucosal CD30-positive T-cell lympho-
proliferative disorder 578
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma 580
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma 583
Histiocytic and dendritic cell tumours
Juvenile xanthogranuloma 586
Erdheim–Chester disease 588
Rosai–Dorfman disease 592
Langerhans cell histiocytosis 594
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma 596
11 Melanocytic tumours 599
Introduction 600
Mucosal melanoma 601
12 Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the neck and lymph
nodes 605
Introduction 606
Cysts and cyst-like lesions
Ranula 607
Lymphoepithelial cyst 609
Branchial cleft cyst 611
Thyroglossal duct cyst 613
Dermoid and teratoid cysts 616
Other tumours of the neck and lymph nodes
Branchioma 618
Heterotopia-associated carcinoma 621
Squamous carcinoma of unknown primary site 624
13 Germ cell tumours 627
Germ cell tumours of the head and neck 628
14 Metastasis 631
Metastases to the head and neck region 632
15 Neuroendocrine neoplasms and paraganglioma 637
Introduction 638
Neuroendocrine neoplasms
Neuroendocrine tumours
Neuroendocrine tumour 640
Ectopic or invasive PitNET / pituitary adenoma 642
Neuroendocrine carcinomas
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma 646
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma 649
Merkel cell carcinoma 652
Paraganglion tumours
Head and neck paraganglioma 655
16 Genetic tumour syndromes involving the head and neck 659
Introduction 660
Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin
syndrome) 663
Neurofibromatosis type 1 666
Familial adenomatous polyposis, extraintestinal
manifestations 669
Brooke–Spiegler syndrome 671
Cowden syndrome 673
Familial paraganglioma syndromes 676
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 680
Hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumour syndrome 683
Li–Fraumeni syndrome 686
Fanconi anaemia 688
Dyskeratosis congenita 691
Ataxia–telangiectasia 693
Bloom syndrome 695
Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome 696
Tuberous sclerosis 699
Contributors 701
Declaration of interests 710
IARC/WHO Committee for ICD-O 711
Sources 712
References 721
Subject index 799
Previous volumes in the series 809