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Historical Background and Glossary of the Apnea Phenomenon
Pages 1-9
This book systematically focuses on central sleep apneas, analyzing their relationship especially with heart failure and discussing recent research results and emerging treatment strategies based on feedback modulation. The opening chapters present historical background information on Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), clarify terminology, and explain the mechanics and chemistry of respiration. Following a description of the physiology of respiration, the pathophysiology underlying central apneas in different disorders and particularly in heart failure is discussed. The similarities and differences of obstructive and central apneas are then considered. The book looks beyond the concept of sleep apnea to daytime CSR and periodic breathing during effort and contrasts the opposing views of CSR as a compensatory phenomenon or as detrimental to the failing heart. The diagnostic tools currently in use for the detection of CSR are thoroughly reviewed, with guidance on interpretation of findings. The book concludes by describing the various forms of treatment that are available for CSR and by explaining how to select patients for treatment.
Historical Background and Glossary of the Apnea Phenomenon
Pages 1-9
Mechanics and Chemistry of Respiration in Health
Pages 11-33
Hypopneas and Apneas as Physiological and Pathological Phenomena Throughout the Life Span
Pages 35-90
Pathophysiology of Central Apneas in Heart Failure
Pages 91-123
The Importance of Visceral Feedbacks: Focus on Chemoreceptors
Pages 125-145
The Apneas Before and After Heart Failure
Pages 147-168
Not Only Sleep Apnea: The “Awake” Apneas of the Failing Heart
Pages 169-181
Exertional Oscillatory Ventilation and Central Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure: Siblings, Cousins, or What Else?
Pages 183-202
To Breathe, or Not to Breathe: That Is the Question
Pages 203-217
Diagnostic Tools: The Easier, the Better
Pages 219-234
Diagnostic Tools: Messages from Implanted Devices (Pacemakers as Diagnostic Tools)
Pages 235-245
Targeting and Treating Apneas
Pages 247-270
Novel Tools for Treating Central Apneas
Pages 271-284
Breathless Heart: Final Remarks
Pages 285-287
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