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Scrotal Pathology is a comprehensive practical guide to the management of patients who present with scrotal disorders. Introductory chapters consider imaging instrumentation, clinical evaluation, and clinical and imaging anatomy. The full range of disorders is then discussed in individual chapters organized according to clinical presentation. All clinical and imaging aspects are covered in depth, with full description of symptoms and explanation of the value of different clinical tests and imaging modalities. In addition, underlying histopathological features are presented and correlated with imaging features in order to clarify their pathological basis. For each disorder, therapeutic strategies are discussed and appraised. Adults and children are considered separately whenever necessary, bearing in mind that they often present essentially different scrotal pathology. The many images are all of high quality and were obtained using high-end equipment. The integrated information provided in this book will be invaluable in enabling different specialists to
Contents
Instrumentation, Technical Requirements: US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Michele Bertolotto, Carlo Martinoli, and Lorenzo E. Derchi
Instrumentation, Technical Requirements: MRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Yuji Watanabe
Anatomy of the Scrotum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Giovanni Liguori, Giangiacomo Ollandini, Renata Napoli,
Giorgio Mazzon, Milosˇ Petrovic, and Carlo Trombetta
Clinical Evaluation of Scrotal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Carlo Trombetta, Giorgio Mazzon, Giovanni Liguori, Stefano Bucci,
Giangiacomo Ollandini, Sara Benvenuto, Giuseppe Ocello, Renata Napoli,
and Emanuele Belgrano
Sonographic Scrotal Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Vincenzo Migaleddu, Giuseppe Virgilio, Alberto Del Prato,
and Michele Bertolotto
Scrotal Anatomy at MRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Yuji Watanabe
Scrotal Trauma: Mechanisms, Presentation and Management. . . . . . . . 67
Giulio Garaffa and David J. Ralph
Imaging Scrotal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Michele Bertolotto, Marco M. Cavallaro, Paola Martingano,
Massimo Valentino, Ciro Acampora, and Maria A. Cova
Acute Scrotal Pain: Clinical Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Vincenzo Mirone, Paolo Verze, and Davide Arcaniolo
Acute Scrotal Pain: Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Giuseppe Ocello, Andrea Lissiani, and Carlo Trombetta
Imaging Acute Scrotal Pain in Adults: Torsion of the Testis
and Appendages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Ahmet T. Turgut and Vikram S. Dogra
xi
Imaging Acute Scrotal Pain in Adults-2: Inflammation
and Other Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Aarti Shah, Gordon G. Kooiman, and Paul S. Sidhu
Imaging Acute Scrotal Pain in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Brian D. Coley and Venkata R. Jayanthi
Painless Scrotal Lumps: Classification and Clinics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Giacomo Novara, Massimo Iafrate, and Vincenzo Ficarra
Painless Scrotal Lumps: Current Therapeutic Approach
and Follow-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Sara Benvenuto, Stefano Bucci, Carlo Trombetta, Paolo Umari,
and Michele Rizzo
Imaging Scrotal Lumps in Adults: Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Lorenzo E. Derchi and Alchiede Simonato
Imaging Scrotal Lumps in Adults-2: Cysts and Fluid Collections . . . . . 179
Massimo Valentino, Libero Barozzi, Pietro Pavlica, and Cristina Rossi
Imaging Scrotal Lumps in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Brian D. Coley and Venkata R. Jayanthi
The Infertile Male-1: Clinical Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Giovanni Liguori, Carlo Trombetta, Bernardino de Concilio,
Alessio Zordani, Michele Rizzo, Stefano Bucci, and Emanuele Belgrano
The Infertile Male-2: Sperm Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Loredana Gandini, Andrea Lenzi, and Francesco Lombardo
The Infertile Male-3: Endocrinological Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Francesco Lotti, Giovanni Corona, Csilla Gabriella Krausz, Gianni Forti,
and Mario Maggi
The Infertile Male-4: Management of Obstructive Azoospermia . . . . . . 241
Giovanni Liguori, Carlo Trombetta, Alessio Zordani, Renata Napoli,
Giangiacomo Ollandini, Giorgio Mazzon, Bernardino de Concilio,
and Emanuele Belgrano
The Infertile Male-5: Management of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia . . . 249
Mirco Castiglioni, Elisabetta M. Colpi, Fabrizio I. Scroppo,
and Giovanni M. Colpi
Imaging the Infertile Male-1: Varicocele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Giovanni Liguori, Stefano Bucci, Carlo Trombetta, Boris Brkljacˇic´,
and Michele Bertolotto
xii Contents
Imaging the Infertile Male-2: Obstructive Syndromes
and Other Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Min Hoan Moon and Seung Hyup Kim
Undescended Testis: Prevalence and Clinical Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Francesco M. Minuto, Mara Boschetti, and Umberto Goglia
The Undescended Testis Management: Microsurgery
and Laparoscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Andrea Lissiani, Giuseppe Ocello, and Carlo Trombetta
Imaging the Undescended Testis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Eriz O¨ zden, Ahmet T. Turgut, and Vikram S. Dogra
Incidental Scrotal Findings at Imaging-1: Calcifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Michele Bertolotto, Marco M. Cavallaro, Ferruccio Degrassi,
Micheline Djouguela Fute, and Pietro Pavlica
Incidental Scrotal Findings at Imaging-2: Miscellaneous
Benign Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Ahmet T. Turgut and Vikram S. Dogra
Nuclear Medicine Methods in Scrotal Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Giuseppe Caruso, Giuseppe Salvaggio, Artor Niccoli Asabella,
Santo Carluccio, and Giuseppe Rubini
Contrast Enhanced US of the Scrotum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Michele Bertolotto, Massimo Valentino, and Paul S. Sidhu
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Contents xiii
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