xiii
Part I Preamble and Introduction
1 Managing Patients with Hematological Malignancies
for 25 Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Benoit Schlemmer
2 Pulmonary Involvement in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Élie Azoulay
3 Respiratory Infections in Patients with Hematological
Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ayman O. Soubani
Part II Epidemiology
4 Epidemiology of Respiratory Events in Patients with HM
(Not Including ICU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Georg Maschmeyer
5 Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients
with HM (ICU Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Carlos Agustí, Carmen Lucena, and Antoni Torres
6 Noninfectious Lung Involvement in Patients with Hematological
Malignancies (Excluding BMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Bernard Maitre
7 Noninfectious Pulmonary Involvement in Hematopoietic
Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Bekele Afessa
8 Are There Any Pulmonary Issues Specifically Related
to Cord Blood Transplants? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Jonathan Gutman
Contents
xiv Contents
9 Cardiovascular Complications of Cancer Therapeutics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Aarif Y. Khakoo and Callie S. Kwartler
10 Prophylaxis: Peace of Mind? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Benoit Guery and Karine Faure
Part III Diagnostic Strategy in HM Patients
11 How Type of Malignancy and Treatment Assist
in the Etiological Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Alexandre Boyer and Didier Gruson
12 Contribution of Radiology in Patients with Hematological
Malignancies and Pulmonary Involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Claus Peter Heussel
13 Is There Still a Place for Transbronchial Lung Biopsy
or Other Lung Biopsy Techniques? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Christophe Dooms and Vincent Ninane
14 The Increasing Role for Core Needle Biopsy of Pulmonary
Lesions in Immunocompromised Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Cédric de Bazelaire, Raphael Calmon, Marion Chapelier,
Amélie Pluvinage, and Eric de Kerviler
15 Minimally Invasive Diagnostic Strategy in Immunocompromised
Patients with Pulmonary Infiltrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Laurent Camous, Virginie Lemiale, Achille Kouatchet,
David Schnell, Sandra de Miranda, and Élie Azoulay
16 Pleural Effusions and Thoracentesis in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Michael G. Alexandrakis, Paschalis Steiropoulos,
and Demosthenes Bouros
17 Diagnostic Yield of BAL Fluid Cytology
in Hematologic Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Jean-François Bernaudin and Jocelyne Fleury-Feith
18 New Methods for Bacterial Diagnosis in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Agnès Ferroni and Jean-Ralph Zahar
19 FDG-PET Imaging in Haematological Patients
with Pulmonary Infiltrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Tomohiko Yamane
Contents xv
20 What Has Been Learned from Postmortem Studies? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Stephen M. Pastores, Alina O. Dulu, and Shilpa A. DeSouza
Part IV Lung Infections in Patients with HM
21 Common Viral Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
David Schnell, Jérôme Legoff, and Élie Azoulay
22 Emerging Viral Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Oliver Schildgen
23 Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia in Patients
with Hematologic Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Karen J. Vigil and Roy F. Chemaly
24 Herpes Simplex Virus Pneumonia in Patients
with Hematologic Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Jharna N. Shah and Roy F. Chemaly
25 Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non-AIDS
Immunocompromised Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Élie Azoulay, Virginie Lemiale, Achille Kouatchet,
François Vincent, Antoine Roux, Guillaume Bollée, and Patricia Roux
26 Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients
with Hematologic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Fanny Lanternier, Emilie Catherinot,
Felipe Suarez, and Olivier Lortholary
27 Emerging Fungal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Marcia Garnica and Marcio Nucci
28 Candida Pneumonia in Patients with Hematological Neoplasia . . . . . . . 349
Carlos Carvajal, Jordi Rello, and Jeffrey Lipman
29 Parasitic Lung Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Jean-François Timsit, Jean-Paul Brion, and Hervé Pelloux
30 Pulmonary Mycobacterial Infections in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Khalid A. Al-Anazi and Asma M. Al-Jasser
Part V Noninfectious Pulmonary Involvement in Patients with HM
31 Pleuropulmonary Changes Induced by Drugs in Patients
with Hematologic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Philippe Camus
xvi Contents
32 Cardiovascular Complications of Cancer
and Radiation Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Callie S. Kwartler and Aarif Y. Khakoo
33 Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplant Recipients and Patients with Hematologic Malignancy . . . . . 437
Bekele Afessa
34 Venous Thromboembolism in Patients
with Hematologic Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Tarek Sousou and Alok A. Khorana
35 Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury in Children
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Rachel S. Bercovitz, J. Bradley Ball, Marguerite R. Kelher,
and Christopher C. Silliman
36 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
in Neutropenic Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Mokart Djamel, Textoris Julien, Ettori Florence, Bruno Chetaille,
and Blache Jean-Louis
37 Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease Following Hematopoietic
Stem Cell Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Matthew C. Bunte and Linda J. Burns
38 Radiation Pneumonitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Miguel Gallego Díaz and Jordi Rello Condomines
39 Leukostasis, Infiltration and Pulmonary Lysis Syndrome
Are the Three Patterns of Leukemic Pulmonary Infiltrates . . . . . . . . . . 509
François Vincent
40 Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma: Clinical, Molecular
and Therapeutic Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Marie Wislez, Raphael Borie, Catherine Thieblemont,
Marie-France Carette, Martine Antoine, and Jacques Cadranel
41 ARDS During Neutropenia Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Élie Azoulay, Eric Ezingeard, Choupi-Salomon Berckowski,
and Michael Darmon
42 Fibrosing Alveolitis in Hematologic Malignancy Patients
Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Huda Salman, Kenneth R. Cooke, and Hillard M. Lazarus
Contents xvii
Part VI Treatment and Difficult Decisions in Patients
with HM and ARF
43 Antibiotic Therapy in Neutropenic Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Matthieu Legrand, Adeline Max, and Bertrand Gachot
44 Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Hematological Malignancies . . . . 569
Raoul Herbrecht and Yasmine Nivoix
45 Antiviral Agents in Patients with Hematological Malignancies
and Acute Respiratory Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Michael Sandherr
46 Mechanical Ventilation in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Márcio Soares, Jorge I.F. Salluh, and Pieter O. Depuydt
47 Optimizing Noninvasive Ventilation in Hematological Patients
with Acute Respiratory Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Gilles Hilbert
48 Noninvasive Ventilation to Ensure the Safety
of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Massimo Antonelli, Giuseppe Bello, and Riccardo Maviglia
49 NIV Outside the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Stefano Nava and Sebastiano Mercadante
50 Palliative Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Anne-Pascale Meert, Thierry Berghmans, and Jean-Paul Sculier
51 Acute Kidney Injury in Cancer Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Michael Darmon, Laurent Camous, Camille Devanlay,
Emmanuel Canet, Benoit Schlemmer, and Fabrice Zeni
52 Septic Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
David Grimaldi and Frédéric Pène
53 Prognostic Factors for Mortality in the Critically Ill
Cancer Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
Kathleen N.S. Cathcart and Jeffrey S. Groeger
54 Managing Critically Ill Cancer Patients: Another Medical
Success Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Élie Azoulay, Marcio Soares, Michael Darmon,
Dominique Benoit, Stephen Pastores, and Bekele Afessa
xviii Contents
55 Palliative Care and Dyspnea Management in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies and Acute Respiratory Failure . . . . 683
Amy P. Abernethy, Jane L. Wheeler, and David C. Currow
56 End-of-Life Decisions in Cancer Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
Lieve Van den Block, Agnes van der Heide, and Luc Deliens
Part VII Pearls That You Should be Aware Of
57 An Unexpected Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
Virginie Lemiale, A. Seguin, and Élie Azoulay
58 Respiratory Symptoms Occurring 4 Months After Allogeneic
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Anne Bergeron, Séverine Feuillet, Véronique Meignin,
Patricia Ribaud, and Abdellatif Tazi
59 Pulmonary Complications of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia . . . . . . . 715
Melhem Solh and Punit Wadhwa
60 Clinical Pearls: Pulmonary Veno-occlusive Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Jonathan Gutman
61 Cytarabine-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity in Leukemic Patients . . . . . . 729
Fabio Forghieri, Leonardo Potenza, Monica Morselli,
Monica Maccaferri, Giuseppe Torelli, and Mario Luppi
62 Histoplasmosis in a Patient with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia . . . . 735
Vincent Peigne, Benoît Schlemmer, and Olivier Lortholary
63 Pulmonary Toxicity of Imatinib and Other BCR-ABL
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
François Vincent
64 Rituximab-Related Pulmonary Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751
Yair Herishanu, Chava Perry, and Aaron Polliack
65 Cardiogenic Causes of Respiratory Failure in Patients
with Hematological Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Julien Maizel, Berengere Gruson, Jean-Pierre Marolleau,
and Michel Slama
66 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
François Vincent, H. Tandjaoui, and P.Y. Brillet
Contents xix
67 Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in a Patient with Diffuse
Large B-Cell Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
Hung Chang and Lee-Yung Shih
68 Pulmonary Infiltration in Anaplastic T-Cell Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
Christophe Cracco, Julien Mayaux, Sylvain Choquet,
Catherine Beigelman, and Frédéric Charlotte
69 A Rapidly Reversible Cause of Pulmonary Embolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Élie Azoulay, Fabrice Zeni,
and Michael Darmon
70 Hairy Cell Leukemia with Pulmonary Infiltrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
Virginie Lemiale, Véronique Meignin, and Élie Azoulay
71 Trichosporon asahii Infection in a Neutropenic Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Djamel Mokart, Antoine Sannini, Jean-Paul Brun, Laurent Chow-chine,
and Jean-Louis Blache
Part VIII Post Face
72 Who Is This Book for? Reserved to Highly Specialized Teams? . . . . . . 807
Laurent Brochard
73 Pulmonary Involvement in Patients with Hematological
Malignancies: And Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
Patricia Ribaud and Gérard Socié
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811