Basic Nephrology
1. Structure and Functions of the Kidneys.................................................................................................03
Nammalwar BR, Vijayakumar M
Physiology of Fluids, Electrolytes and Minerals
2. Homeostasis and Disorders of Sodium, Potassium and Acid-base Balance..........................................13
Mehul Shah
3. Homeostasis and Disorders of Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium..................................................83
Manisha Shahay
R
enal Evaluation
4. Evaluation of Renal Functions.............................................................................................................109
Vijayakumar M, Prahlad N, Nammalwar BR
5. Diagnostic Radiology...........................................................................................................................124
Ramalingam A
6. Diagnostic Ultrasonology.....................................................................................................................134
Muralinath S, Mani Ram Krishna S
7. Evaluation of Urinary Tract with Radioisotope Imaging.....................................................................150
Thirumurthi K, Kishore Babu S
8. Urodynamic Study in Children............................................................................................................158
Sripathi V
9. Renal Biopsy: Procedure......................................................................................................................169
Prahlad N, Vishwanath S
10. Renal Biopsy: Histopathology.............................................................................................................175
Anila Abraham
Contents
XVIII Principles and Practice of Pediatric Nephrology
Clinical Syndromes
11. Approach to Oligoanuria...................................................................................................................... 185
Jyoti Sharma
12. Approach to Polyuria........................................................................................................................... 191
Sairam VK
13. Approach to Edema.............................................................................................................................. 195
Sudha E, Prahlad N
14. Approach to Hematuria........................................................................................................................ 202
Amish Udani, Sangeetha G, Vijayakumar M
15. Approach to Proteinuria....................................................................................................................... 213
Prabha Senguttuvan
16. Approach to Voiding Disorders and Enuresis in Children................................................................... 224
Madhuri Kanitkar, Ravi Ramamurthy
Neonatal Nephrology
17. Counseling and Antenatal Interventions in Fetal Urology................................................................... 241
Jyoti Sharma
18. Prevention and Management of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury.......................................................... 250
Gurinder Kumar, Arpana Iyengar
19. Medical Renal Diseases in the Newborn (Except AKI)....................................................................... 261
Jayati Sengupta
Tubulopathies
20. Hypercalciuria and Renal Stone Disease............................................................................................. 277
Tamilarasi V, Ninoo George G
21. Tubular Disorders................................................................................................................................. 289
Sidharth Kumar Sethi
22. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus........................................................................................................... 301
Kamini Mehta
23. Renal Glucosuria.................................................................................................................................. 304
Kamini Mehta
Podocytopathies and Glomerular Basement Membrane Disorders
24. Genetic Basis of Podocytopathies........................................................................................................ 309
Prajnya Ranganath
25. Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome.......................................................................................................... 317
Amish Udani, Shweta Priyadarshini, Vijayakumar M
Contents
XIX
26. Steroid-sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome.................................................................................................324
Saravanan G, Amish Udani, Vijayakumar M
27. Steroid-resistant Nephrotic Syndrome.................................................................................................344
Sanjeev Gulati
28. Alport’s Syndrome and its Variants.....................................................................................................357
Nammalwar BR, Prahlad N
I
mmune and Inflammatory Glomerular Nephritis and Others
29. Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy.........................................................................................................369
Manoj G Matnani
30. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis........................................................................................377
Manoj G Matnani
31. Membranous Nephropathy...................................................................................................................383
Manoj G Matnani
32. Obesity and Glomerulosclerosis...........................................................................................................390
Manoj G Matnani
33. Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis............................................................................................394
Abhijeet Saha, Vasudev AS
34. Crescentic Glomerulonephritis ............................................................................................................405
Vasudev AS, Manish Kumar
35. Lupus Nephritis in Children.................................................................................................................411
Susan Uthup
36. Renal Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitis.......................................................................................425
Susan Uthup
C
iliopathies
37. Genetic Basis of Renal Ciliopathies.....................................................................................................445
Prajnya Ranganath
38. Polycystic Kidney Disease...................................................................................................................455
Uma Ali, Alpana Ohri
39. Glomerulocystic Kidney Disease.........................................................................................................465
Alpana Ohri, Uma Ali
40. Nephronophthisis/Renal Medullary Cystic Disease
and Other Related Diseases..................................................................................................................468
Lekha H
Pediatric Urology
41. Genetic Basis of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract..........................................487
Prajnya Ranganath
XX Principles and Practice of Pediatric Nephrology
42. Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract...........................................................................498
Nandhini G, Prasad N
43. Vesicoureteric Reflux: Surgical Management.....................................................................................514
Prasad N, Nandhini G
44. Posterior Urethral Valve Disease.........................................................................................................524
Jimmy Shad, Sripathi V
45. Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction.......................................................................................................533
Rajiv Padankatti L, Sripathi V
46. Obstructive Malformations of the Urinary Tract (Other than PUV and PUJ).....................................540
Senthil Ganesh K, Sripathi V
47. Neurogenic Bladder..............................................................................................................................547
Anoop Subhash, Sripathi V
48. Common Renal Tumors.......................................................................................................................553
Nandhini G, Prasad N
49. Common Urological Procedures that Pediatrician Should Know........................................................568
Nandhini G
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
50. Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Newer Definitions and Their Implications.....................................583
Sushmita Banerjee
51. Biomarkers in Acute Kidney Injury.....................................................................................................595
Indira Agarwal
52. Acute Interstitial Nephritis...................................................................................................................601
Indira Agarwal
53. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome...............................................................................................................605
Ashima Gulati
54. Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.........................................................................614
Anitha VP, Shrishu R Kamath
55. Renal Replacement Therapy in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.............................................................627
Chidambaranathan S, Nammalwar BR
56. Plasmapheresis.....................................................................................................................................634
Vishwanath S, Prahlad N
C
hronic Kidney Disease
57. Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease........................................................................................................643
Stephen D Marks, Rajiv Sinha
58. Growth and Endocrine Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease........................................................671
Hemchand Krishna Prasad
Contents XXI
59. Nutrition in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease............................................................................681
Rajiv Sinha
60. Dialytic Therapy in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease...............................................................691
Kishore Babu S
61. Renal Transplantation..........................................................................................................................702
Arvind Bagga, Aditi Sinha
62. Chronic Kidney Disease: Primary Prevention.....................................................................................714
Nammalwar BR, Vijayakumar M
Hypertension
63. Hypertension in Children ....................................................................................................................727
Aditi Sinha, Ashima Gulati, Arvind Bagga
Miscellaneous
64. Urinary Tract Infection in Children.....................................................................................................747
Sudha E, Vijayakumar M
65. Infectious Diseases and the Kidney.....................................................................................................767
Amitava Pahari
66. Vitamin D in Health and Bone Disease...............................................................................................785
Basema Dibas, Tarak Srivastava
67. Approach to Rickets in Children..........................................................................................................795
Thangavelu S, Vijayakumar M
68. Handling of Drugs with Abnormal Kidney Function...........................................................................804
Edwin Fernando M, Sudha E
Index...........................................................................................................................................................