Contents

1.

History and Evolution of Pigmentary Disorders in Human

1

Amiya Kumar Mukhopadhyay

• History

and

Evolution

of

Pigmentary

Disorders

in

Modern

Dermatology 5

2.

Evolution of Skin Color in Human: An Anthropological Overview

7

Amiya Kumar Mukhopadhyay

• Evolutionary

Timeline

of

Human

Being 7

• Evolution

of

Various

Colors:

Various

Opinions,

Various

Theories 8

• Effect

of

Climate

and

Change

of

Lifestyle 8

• Pigment

and

Folate

Metabolism 9

• Pigment

and

Vitamin

D 10

• Fair

Sex,

Fair

Color

and

Sexual

Selection 10

• Skin,

Gene

and

Color 11

• Influence

of

Culture

on

Pigmentation 11

3.

Melanocyte

13

Ravinder Kumar, Davinder Parsad

• Development

of

Melanocytes 14

• Melanocyte

Signaling

Pathways 14

• Formation

of

Melanosomes 15

• Melanin-producing

Enzymes 16

• Melanin

Synthesis 16

• Epidermal

Melanin

Unit 16

• Melanosome

Transfer

from

Melanocyte

to

Keratinocyte 17

• Melanocyte

Functions 18

• Extracutaneous

Melanocytes 18

4.

Systemic Disorders with Cutaneous Pigmentary Alterations

22

Keshavmurthy A Adya, Arun C Inamadar

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Endocrine

Disorders 22

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Metabolic

Disorders 26

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Nutritional

Disorders 31

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Gastrointestinal

Disorders 32

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Hepatobiliary

Disorders 32

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Pancreatic

Disorders 34

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Renal

Disorders 34

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Cardiac

Disorders 35

• Pigmentary

Derangements

in

Disorders

of

the

Respiratory

System 35

5.

Developmental, Nevoid, Genetically Determined and Neurocutaneous

Pigmentary Disorders

40

Nilendu Sarma

• Hypopigmented

Disorders 41

• Hyperpigmented

Disorders 46

6.

Metabolic Disorders of Pigmentation

53

Imran Majid

• Hypopigmentation 53

• Hyperpigmentation 55

7.

Endocrinal Pigmentary Disorders

60

Raghunatha Reddy R, Shashikumar BM

• Role

of

Melanocortins,

Acth,

and

Melanocortin

Receptors

in

Melanogenesis 60

• Addison’s

Disease 61

• Acromegaly 62

• Hyperthyroidism 63

• Pheochromocytoma 63

• Diabetes

Mellitus 63

• Carcinoid

Syndrome 63

• Pigmentary

Changes

in

Pregnancy 64

8.

Chemical Occupational and Drug-induced Pigmentary Disorders

66

Sanjay Ghosh, Saurav Kundu

• Chemical

Occupational

and

Drug-induced

Hypopigmentation 66

• Chemical

Occupational

and

Drug-induced

Hyperpigmentation 72

Pigmentary Disorders: A Comprehensive Compendium

xviii

9.

Infective and Post-inflammatory Pigmentary Disorders

83

Sunil Dogra, Rahul Mahajan

• Infective 83

• Pityriasis

Versicolor 83

• Tinea

Nigra 85

• Leprosy 85

• Post-kala-azar

Dermal

Leishmaniasis

86

• Treponematoses:

Syphilis

and

Pinta 87

• Onchocerciasis 88

• Post-inflammatory 88

• Post-inflammatory

Hyperpigmentation 89

• Post-inflammatory

Hypopigmentation 92

10.

Neoplasms with Pigmentary Changes or Discoloration

95

Prasad Kumarasinghe, Daniel Hewitt

• Hyperchromic

Neoplastic

Conditions 95

• Hypochromic

Neoplastic

Conditions 96

• Mimics

of

Neoplastic

Dyschromic

Lesions 96

• Diagnosis

and

Management 96

• Malignant

Melanoma 96

• Pigmented

Basal

Cell

Carcinoma 101

• Mycosis

Fungoides 101

• Some

Common

Benign

Neoplastic

Conditions

with

Pigmentary

Changes 102

11.

Nutritional Pigmentary Disorders

107

Vineet Relhan, Khushboo Goel Mahajan

• Vitamin

Deficiencies

Associated

with

Pigmentary

Changes 107

• Trace

Elements

and

Skin

Pigmentation 109

• Pigmentary

Changes

Secondary

to

Protein

Energy

Malnutrition 110

• Vitiligo

and

Nutrients 110

• Pigmentation

Disorders

due

to

Nutrition

Excess 111

• Work-up

of

a

Patient

with

Nutritional

Pigmentary

Disorder 111

12.

Morphological Types of Pigmentation

113

Biju Vasudevan, Manas Chatterjee, Rajesh Verma

• Types

of

Morphological

Pigmentation 113

13.

Pigmented Variants of Skin Disorders

121

Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Ruby Venugopal

• Hyperpigmented

Variants 121

• Hypopigmented

Variants

Hypopigmented

Mycosis

Fungoides 126

• Other

Pigmentary

Variants 127

14.

Vitiligo and Melanocyte Reservoir

129

Rafael Falabella, Maria I Barona

• Historical

Highlights

on

Skin

Pigmentation 130

• Concept

of

a

Melanocyte

Reservoir 130

• Hair

Follicle

and

the

Melanocyte

Reservoir 131

• Melanocyte

Reservoir

Unrelated

to

Hair

Follicles 133

• Leukotrichia

a

Depleted

Melanocyte

Reservoir 133

15.

Clinical, Biochemical and Immunological Aspects of Vitiligo

135

Manoj Kumar Tembhre, Alpana Sharma, Rehan Khan, Somesh Gupta

• Clinical

Aspects

of

Vitiligo 135

• Pathogenesis

of

Vitiligo 136

• Biochemical

Theory

of

Vitiligo 136

• Immunological

Aspects

of

Vitiligo:

Role

of

Autoimmunity 137

16.

Measuring Disease Severity in Vitiligo

141

Vishal Gupta, M Ramam

• Measures

of

Extent

of

Skin

Involvement

and

Intensity

of

Depigmentation 141

• Measures

of

Disease

Activity/Progression

of

Disease/Disease

Stability 145

• Measures

of

the

Potential

for

Repigmentation 147

• Disfigurement 148

• Psychosocial

Impact

of

Vitiligo 148

• Generic

Quality

of

Life

Instruments 149

• Dermatology

Quality

of

Life

Instruments 150

• Vitiligo

Specific

Quality

of

Life

Instruments 152

17.

Epidemiology of Vitiligo

157

Iffat Hassan, Parvaiz Rather

• Associations

of

Vitiligo 159

Dettaglio

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