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Hemodynamic Effects of Epicardial Stenoses
Pages 3-18
Since the introduction of coronary angiography, a key technique in understanding coronary artery disease, a number of paradigms regarding its study and interpretation have taken place. Following an emphasis on improved angiographic and subsequent intracoronary imaging techniques, functional assessment of coronary circulation has demonstrated to have major implications for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. Fractional flow reserve, a pressure derived index of stenosis severity, constitutes the best example of the current importance of physiological assessment in clinical practice. However, the acceptance of FFR by cardiologists contrasts with important voids in knowledge on the basic principles of coronary physiology and of other available techniques that, as an alternative to FFR, allow a more comprehensive assessment of coronary circulation. This is particularly noticeable in the assessment of microcirculation, an unavoidable compartment of coronary circulation that is frequently affected in acute coronary syndromes of in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or non-coronary heart disease. A deeper understanding of the relationship between epicardial vessel and microcirculatory involvement has started with the advent of newer imaging techniques like invasive optical coherence tomography, and non-invasive CT and NMR techniques. This book aims to be an indispensable tool for clinicians and researches in the field of coronary artery disease. It provides a balanced, comprehensive review of anatomy, physiology and available techniques, discusses both the diagnosis of epicardial vessel and microcirculatory disease, the impact of different diseases at different levels of coronary circulation, and the best way to address a separate or combined assessment of different levels of coronary circulation.
Hemodynamic Effects of Epicardial Stenoses
Pages 3-18
Atherogenesis: The Development of Stable and Unstable Plaques
Pages 21-37
Microcirculatory Dysfunction
Pages 39-53
Remodeling of Epicardial Coronary Vessels
Pages 55-63
Collateral Circulation
Pages 65-77
The Effect of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Coronary Circulation
Pages 81-98
The Coronary Circulation in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Pages 99-110
Acute and Chronic Vascular Effects of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Pages 111-117
The Coronary Circulation in Cardiomyopathies and Cardiac Allografts
Pages 119-135
Practical Aspects of Intracoronary Pressure and Flow Measurements
Pages 137-156
Measurement of Coronary Flow Reserve in the Catheterization Laboratory
Pages 159-171
Stenosis Resistance Estimated from Pressure-Flow Relationships
Pages 175-183
Measurements of Microcirculatory Resistance
Pages 185-192
Understanding Fractional Flow Reserve
Pages 195-208
FFR as a Clinical Tool and Its Applications in Specific Scenarios
Pages 209-221
Validation of iFR: Clinical Registries
Pages 225-231
Application of iFR in Clinical Scenarios
Pages 233-248
Comprehensive Assessment of the Coronary Circulation Using Pressure and Flow Measurements
Pages 251-260
Wave Intensity Patterns in Coronary Flow in Health and Disease
Pages 263-275
Coronary Vasomotor Responses to Intracoronary Acetylcholine
Pages 279-284
Comparative Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Coronary Circulation
Pages 287-294
Computational Analysis of Multislice CT Angiography
Pages 295-305
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