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This book is the 4th in a series of Acute Care books written with the aim to address the NEEDS of health care providers when handling the acutely ill patients. Globally it has become apparent that the study of pharmacology and subsequent clinical training has not always adequately equipped young doctors with the ability to administer drugs to their patients safely and confidently, particularly in the critically ill patient. Compounding this issue is the lack of resource material related to these pharmacological concepts contained in one book that can help health care providers to understand and manage drug therapy in the acute situation. In spite of progressively newer and more developed protocols, guidelines, algorithms and many other books addressing the technical aspects of what needs to be done, most health care providers still find it difficult to grasp the basic pharmacological knowledge and rationally deliver the CARE that is required in the acute phase of patient management.
The editors/authors have therefore aimed for a book that highlights topics and pharmacological issues pertinent to management of patients in their hour of need. This is a multi-author book but the style has been guided by 3 editors.
The editors have used a different perspective – that of normalizing abnormal physiological processes with pharmacological agents – to address the GAPS in a bedside to bench approach. The details are pared down but important principles/concepts are emphasized.
Table of Contents
Part I General Principles of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics
1 Why Drugs Are Administered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Yoo Kuen Chan and Debra Si Mui Sim
2 Drug Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Debra Si Mui Sim
3 Drug Absorption and Bioavailability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Debra Si Mui Sim
4 Drug Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Debra Si Mui Sim
5 Drug Elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Debra Si Mui Sim
6 Steady-State Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Yoo Kuen Chan and Debra Si Mui Sim
7 Dose Response Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Choo Hock Tan
8 Pharmaceutical Aspects of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Pauline Siew Mei Lai
9 Dosage Forms, Drug Calculations and Prescription . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Pauline Siew Mei Lai and Yoo Kuen Chan
10 Drug Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Debra Si Mui Sim and Choo Hock Tan
Part II Pharmacology of the Various Body Systems
11 Drugs and the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Noorjahan Haneem Md Hashim
12 Drugs and the Respiratory System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Yong-Kek Pang
13 Drugs and the Central Nervous System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Mohd Shahnaz Hasan
14 Drugs and the Liver/Gastrointestinal System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Li Lian Foo
15 Drugs and the Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Sukcharanjit Singh Bakshi Singh and Jeyaganesh Veerakumaran
16 Drugs and the Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Nur Lisa Zaharan and Pui Kuan Lee
17 Drugs and the Neuromuscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Kang Kwong Wong
18 Drugs for the Management of Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Ramani Vijayan
Part III Pharmacology in Special Circumstances
19 The Patient in Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Ramani Vijayan
20 The Pediatric Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Lucy Chan
21 The Elderly Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Pui San Loh
22 The Obstetric Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Carolyn Chue-Wai Yim and Debra Si Mui Sim
23 The Obese Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Hou Yee Lai
24 The Bleeding Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Ina Ismiarti Shariffuddin
25 The Septic Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Suresh Kumar
26 The Allergic Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Sook Hui Chaw and Kit Yin Chow
27 The Poisoned Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Choo Hock Tan and Ahmad Khaldun Ismail
Part IV Pharmacology of Special Drugs
28 Oxygen as a Drug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Yoo Kuen Chan
29 Fluids as Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Marzida Mansor
Part V Safety Issues in Pharmacology
30 Medication Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Kwee Peng Ng
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
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