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Contents
Section I Interface Technology in Critical Care Settings
1 Full Mask Ventilation........................................................................................... 3
Francis Cordova and Manuel Jimenez
2 Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: Theory and Technology......... 7
Giacomo Bellani, Stefano Isgrò, and Roberto Fumagalli
3 Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: Clinical Applications............. 13
Alberto Zanella, Alessandro Terrani, and Nicolò Patroniti
Section II Ventilatory Modes and Ventilators:
Theory, Technology, and Equipment
4 Pressure Support Ventilation............................................................................... 21
Enrica Bertella and Michele Vitacca
5 Ventilators for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation......................................... 27
Raffaele Scala
6 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Using Continuous
Positive Airway Pressure...................................................................................... 39
Pedro Caruso
7 Home Mechanical Ventilators.............................................................................. 45
Frédéric Lofaso, Brigitte Fauroux, and Hélène Prigent
8 Maintenance Protocol for Home Ventilation Circuits....................................... 51
Michel Toussaint and Gregory Reychler
9 Nocturnal Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation................................................. 59
David Orlikowski, Hassan Skafi, and Djillali Annane
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Section III Patient–Ventilator Interactions
10 Patient–Ventilator Interaction During Noninvasive
Pressure-Supported Spontaneous Respiration in Patients
with Hypercapnic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease............................ 67
Wulf Pankow, Achim Lies, and Heinrich Becker
11 Asynchrony and Cyclic Variability in Pressure Support Ventilation............... 73
Antoine Cuvelier and Jean-François Muir
12 Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing During
Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation................................................................... 77
Francesco Mojoli and Antonio Braschi
13 Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing During Pressure Support
Ventilation with Airway Management System (BiPAP) Devices...................... 83
Frédéric Lofaso and Hélène Prigent
14 Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing in Noninvasive Ventilation................................. 87
Daniel Samolski and Antonio Antón
15 New Adaptive Servo-Ventilation
Device for Cheyne–Stokes Respiration............................................................... 93
Ken-ichi Maeno and Takatoshi Kasai
Section IV Monitoring and Complications
16 Nocturnal Monitoring in the Evaluation of Continuous
Positive Airway Pressure...................................................................................... 101
Oreste Marrone, Adriana Salvaggio,
Anna Lo Bue, and Giuseppe Insalaco
17 Complications During Noninvasive Pressure Support Ventilation.................. 107
Michele Carron, Ulderico Freo, and Carlo Ori
Section V Chronic Applications of Noninvasive
Mechanical Ventilation and Related Issues
18 Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
in Cardiovascular Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea........................ 121
Ahmed S. BaHammam and Mohammed K.A. Chaudhry
19 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atherosclerosis................................................... 131
R. Schulz, F. Reichenberger, and K. Mayer
20 Transnasal Insufflation — A New Approach in
the Treatment of OSAs......................................................................................... 135
Georg Nilius, Brian McGinley, and Hartmut Schneider
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21 Cardiopulmonary Interventions to Prolong Survival
in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy............................................... 143
Yuka Ishikawa
22 Noninvasive Ventilation Pressure Adjustments
in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis................................................. 149
Kirsten L. Gruis
23 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis........................................................................ 153
Daniele Lo Coco, Santino Marchese, and Albino Lo Coco
24 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation as an Alternative
to Endotracheal Intubation During Tracheotomy
in Advanced Neuromuscular Disease.................................................................. 161
David Orlikowski, Hélène Prigent, and Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo
25 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients
with Myasthenic Crisis......................................................................................... 167
Cristiane Brenner Eilert Trevisan, Silvia Regina Rios Vieira,
and Renata Plestch
26 Predictors of Survival in COPD Patients with Chronic
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Receiving Noninvasive
Home Ventilation.................................................................................................. 171
Stephan Budweiser, Rudolf A. Jörres, and Michael Pfeifer
27 Withdrawal of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
in COPD Patients with Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure................................ 179
Jacobo Sellares, Miquel Ferrer, and Antoni Torres
28 Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients with Acute
Exacerbations of Asthma..................................................................................... 185
Sean P. Keenan
29 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
During Acute Asthmatic Attack.......................................................................... 191
Arie Soroksky, Isaac Shpirer, and Yuval Leonov
30 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
for Long-Term Ventilatory Management........................................................... 199
Akiko Toki and Mikio Sumida
31 Home Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease...................... 205
Georg-Christian Funk
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Section VI Critical Care Applications of Noninvasive Mechanical
Ventilation and Related Issues
32 Current Strategies and Equipment
for Noninvasive Ventilation in Emergency Medicine........................................ 217
Keisuke Tomii
33 Noninvasive Ventilation Outside of Intensive Care Units................................. 223
Davide Chiumello, Gaetano Iapichino, and Virna Berto
34 Noninvasive Positive Airway Pressure and Risk
of Myocardial Infarction in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema................ 231
Giovanni Ferrari, Alberto Milan, and Franco Aprà
35 The Role of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Acute
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema with Preserved Left Ventricular
Systolic Function: A Preliminary Study............................................................. 237
Andrea Bellone
36 Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Lung Injury/
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome................................................................ 241
Ritesh Agarwal
37 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Acute
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and in Cancer Patients.................................. 249
S. Egbert Pravinkumar
38 Noninvasive Ventilation as a Preoxygenation Method...................................... 257
Christophe Baillard
39 Influence of Staff Training on the Outcome of Noninvasive
Ventilation for Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure................................... 263
José Luis López-Campos and Emilia Barrot
Section VII The Role of Sedation
40 Sedation for Noninvasive Ventilation in Intensive Care................................... 269
Jean-Michel Constantin, Renau Guerin, and Emmanuel Futier
41 Use of Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Noninvasive Ventilation................. 273
Shinhiro Takeda, Shinji Akada, and Keiko Nakazato
Section VIII Weaning from Conventional
Mechanical Ventilation and Postextubation Failure
42 Extubation and Decannulation of Unweanable Patients
with Neuromuscular Weakness........................................................................... 279
John Robert Bach
43 Mechanically Assisted Coughing and Noninvasive
Ventilation for Extubation of Unweanable Patients
with Neuromuscular Disease or Weakness......................................................... 287
John Robert Bach
44 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in
the Postextubation Period.................................................................................... 295
Hasan M. Al-Dorzi and Yaseen M. Arabi
45 Noninvasive Ventilation in Postextubation Respiratory Failure...................... 305
Ritesh Agarwal
Section IX Intraoperative and Postoperative
Indications for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
46 Intraoperative Use of Noninvasive Ventilation.................................................. 317
Fabio Guarracino and Rubia Baldassarri
47 Noninvasive Ventilation in Adult Liver Transplantation.................................. 321
Paolo Feltracco, Stefania Barbieri, and Carlo Ori
48 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
in Patients Undergoing Lung Resection Surgery............................................... 327
Christophe Perrin, Valérie Jullien, Yannick Duval,
and Fabien Rolland
Section X Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
in Neonates and Children
49 Equipment and Technology for Continuous Positive
Airway Pressure During Neonatal Resuscitation.............................................. 335
Georg M. Schmölzer and Colin J. Morley
50 Air Leakage During Continuous Positive Airway
Pressure in Neonates............................................................................................. 343
Gerd Schmalisch
51 The Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in the Newborn......................................... 357
Debbie Fraser Askin
52 Nasal High-Frequency Ventilation:
Clinical Studies and Their Implications............................................................. 363
Katarzyna Dabrowska and Waldemar A. Carlo
53 Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.................................................... 369
J. Jane Pillow
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54 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation with Positive
Airway Pressure in Pediatric Intensive Care..................................................... 377
Giancarlo Ottonello, Andrea Wolfler, and Pietro Tuo
55 Home Mechanical Ventilation in Children
with Chronic Respiratory Failure....................................................................... 387
Sedat Oktem, Refika Ersu, and Elif Dagli
Index .............................................................................................................................. 397