Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry: The New Anatomy of the Basal Forebrain and Its Implications for Neuropsychiatric Illness, Second Edition, builds upon reprised classic chapters by Lennart Heimer and Gary Van Hoesen describing the cortical and subcortical structure and functional involvements of several functional–anatomical macrosystems in the human forebrain, the existence of which obviates the vaunted heuristic value of the “limbic system” concept in the study of motivation and emotion. New narrative brings in important historical, philosophical, and histotechnical contexts, integration with novel technologies (e.g., optogenetics) and structures (e.g., rostromedial tegmental nucleus), a deeper dive into the interactions of forebrain and prospective cerebellar macrosystems with the reticular core of the brain, and current viewpoints on the essential role of macrosystems in motion, motivation, emotion, cognition, and neuropsychiatric well-being.