SECTION I: Ischemic Heart Disease 1Editor: Venugopal Menon 1 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2 Christopher M. Huff 2 Unstable Angina and Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 36 James E. Harvey 3 Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction 60 Michael P. Brunner and Venugopal Menon 4 Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction 77 Michael P. Brunner and Venugopal Menon 5 Post–Myocardial Infarction Risk Stratification and Management 86 Willis Wu and Venugopal Menon 6 Stable Angina 97 Amar Krishnaswamy and Samir R. Kapadia 7 Other Ischemic Syndromes: Silent Ischemia and Syndrome X 120 Gus Theodos SECTION II: Heart Failure and Transplant 125 Editor: W.H. Wilson Tang 8 Heart Failure with Systolic Dysfunction 126 Michael A. Samara and W.H. Wilson Tang 9 Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 150 Evan Lau and W.H. Wilson Tang 10 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 160 Anthony Hart and Eiran Z. Gorodeski 11 Myocarditis 176 Mosi K. Bennett and W.H. Wilson Tang 12 Nontransplantation Surgical Treatment for Chronic Heart Failure 187 Clay A. Cauthen, Gonzalo Gonzalez-Stawinski and Mazen Hanna 13 Cardiac Transplantation 199 Peter Zimbwa 14 Pulmonary Hypertension 224 Praneet Kumar and W.H. Wilson Tang SECTION III: Valvular Heart Disease 237 Editor: Brian P. Griffin 15 Aortic Valve Disease 238 Olcay Aksoy and Brian P. Griffin 16 Mitral Valve Disease 265 Amanda R. Vest and Brian P. Griffin 17 Tricuspid Valve Disease, Pulmonary Valve Disease, and Drug-Induced Valve Disease 295 Shikhar Agarwal and Brian P. Griffin 18 Prosthetic Heart Valves 308 Jou00e3o L. Cavalcante 19 Infective Endocarditis 327 Marwa Sabe and Brian P. Griffin 20 Rheumatic Fever 347 Chetan Hampole SECTION IV: Arrhythmias 357 Editor: Thomas Callahan 21 Tachyarrhythmias 358 Omeed Zardkoohi 22 Bradyarrhythmias, Atrioventricular Block, Asystole, and Pulseless Electrical Activity 390 Santosh Oommen 23 Sudden Cardiac Death 411 Edmond M. Cronin 24 Atrial Fibrillation 424 Edwin Zishiri and Thomas Callahan SECTION V: Vascular and Pericardial Disease 445 Editor: Esther S.H. Kim 25 Venous Thromboembolism and Hypercoagulable States 446 Firas Al Solaiman and Esther S.H. Kim 26 Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection 459 Matthew C. Bunte and Maran Thamilarasan 27 Peripheral Arterial Disease 480 Femi Philip 28 Carotid Artery Disease 492 Hemal Gada SECTION VI Adult Congenital Heart Disease 509 Editor: Richard A. Krasuski 29 Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale 510 Justin M. Dunn and Richard A. Krasuski 30 Ventricular Septal Defect 519 Christopher H. May 31 Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Coarctation of the Aorta 527 Adam S. Goldberg and Richard Krasuski 32 Complex Congenital Heart Disease 537 Matthew A. Cavender and Richard A. Krasuski SECTION VII: Clinical Cardiology 559 Editor: Brian P. Griffin 33 Syncope 560 Salim Ahmed 34 Assessing and Managing Cardiac Risk in Noncardiac Surgical Procedures 575 Chetan Hampole 35 Hypertensive Crisis 592 Kia Afshar 36 Evaluation of Chest Pain in the Emergency Department 605 Sachin S. Goel and Samir R. Kapadia 37 Cardiac Trauma 613 Imran N. Ahmad 38 Pregnancy and Cardiovascular Disease 618 Amanda R. Vest, Brian P. Griffi n and Russell Raymond 39 Cardiovascular Manifestations of Systemic Disease 637 Sachin S. Goel 40 Pericardial Disease 646 Arun Dahiya 41 Cardiac Tumors 672 Parag R. Patel 42 Common Genetic Issues in Cardiovascular Disease 679 Mary T. Quinn Griffin and Saif Anwaruddin SECTION VIII: Preventive Cardiology 693 Editor: Leslie Cho 43 Dyslipidemia 694 James E. Lai and Leslie Cho 44 Nonlipid Cardiovascular Risk Factors 713 Clay A. Cauthen and Adam W. Grasso 45 Diabetes and the Heart 730 Amanda R. Vest and Leslie Cho 46 Heart Disease in Women 754 Jun-Yang Lou SECTION IX Noninvasive Assessment 767 Editor: Brian P. Griffi n 47 Exercise Electrocardiographic Testing 768 Michael A. Jolly 48 Nuclear Cardiac Imaging 791 Santosh S. Oommen 49 Stress Echocardiography 808 Michael P. Brunner 50 Testing for Viable Myocardium 824 Arun Dahiya 51 Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging 832 Jou00e3o L. Cavalcante 52 Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 845 Parag R. Patel and Milind Desai SECTION X: Electrophysiologic Procedures 857 Editor: Thomas Callahan 53 Electrophysiologic Studies 858 Jay Sengupta 54 Cardiac Pacing 883 Tyler L. Taigen 55 Antitachycardia Devices 911 Christopher Ingelmo 56 Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy 920 John Rickard SECTION XI: Common Cardiology Procedures 931 Editors: Brian P. Griffin, Thomas Callahan and Venugopal Menon 57 Common ECG Patterns 932 Salim Ahmed, Thomas Callahan and Donald Underwood 58 Temporary Cardiac Pacing 963 JoEllyn M. Abraham and Bryan Baranowski 59 Electrical Cardioversion 968 Sandeep Duggal 60 Right Heart Catheterization 977 Jun-Yang Lou and Venugopal Menon 61 Endomyocardial Biopsy 992 Mosi K. Bennett and W.H. Wilson Tang 62 Management of Continuous-Flow Ventricular Assist Systems: Troubleshooting and Complications 997 Clay A. Cauthen and Maria M. Mountis 63 Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation 1003 Olcay Aksoy 64 Left Heart Catheterization 1015 Andrew N. Rassi 65 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 1041 Amar Krishnaswamy and Samir R. Kapadia 66 Percutaneous Structural Heart Disease Procedures 1062 Shikhar Agarwal and Amar Krishnaswamy 67 Transthoracic Echocardiography 1077 Kia Afshar 68 Transesophageal Echocardiography 1105 Lee Fong Ling and Maran Thamilarasan 69 Pericardiocentesis 1119 Justin M. Dunn and Brian P. Griffin Appendix: Commonly Used Cardiovascular Formulae 1127