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Pediatric Trauma: An Introduction
Pages 3-4
Consisting of case studies contributed by both domestic and international leaders in the field, this is an invaluable resource for all orthopedic surgeons and researchers and practitioners of limb lengthening, deformity correction and the Ilizarov method. Comprehensive yet accessible, this volume covers pediatric deformity correction, from congenital deformities to growth plate injuries. Each of the unique cases includes color photographs and radiographs from before, during and after surgery and will follow a consistent chapter structure which outlines a brief clinical history of the case, preoperative problem list, treatment strategy, basic principles, technical pearls and how to avoid and manage complications and subsequent problems. Suggested readings round out each case. A comprehensive presentation of techniques is featured, including external fixation, internal fixation, combination approaches and fully implantable limb lengthening nails. This case-based approach is an efficient and thorough way to learn this exciting new frontier in orthopedic surgery.
Pediatric Trauma: An Introduction
Pages 3-4
Case 1: TSF for Displaced Pediatric Tibia Fractures
Pages 5-9
Case 2: Ten Year Old Male with Comminuted Distal Femoral Fracture
Pages 11-18
Case 3: Comminuted Type I Open Distal Femur Fracture
Pages 19-22
Case 4: Post-traumatic Deformity and Bone Loss in 8 Year Old Boy
Pages 23-28
Case 5: Adolescent Unstable Tibial Fracture Treated Initially with Closed Reduction and Plaster Cast Immobilization Converted to TL-Hex External Fixation due to Residual Displacement
Pages 29-35
Case 6: Open Femoral Fracture Treated with Internal Fixation Converted to Circular External Fixation due to Infection
Pages 37-42
Case 7: Cable Bone Transport for Segmental Bone Loss Secondary to Grade IIIB Open Tibial Fracture
Pages 43-50
Case 8: Three Year Old Female with Segmental Bone Defect due to Grade IIIB Open Tibial Fracture Treated by Oblique Wire Bone Transport
Pages 51-60
Case 9: Adolescent with Segmental Bone Defect Secondary to Grade IIIB Open Tibial Fracture Treated by Oblique Wire Bone Transport
Pages 61-66
Case 10: Distal Femoral Fracture Treated Initially with Internal Fixation Converted to Circular External Fixation due to Nonunion and Hardware Failure
Pages 67-71
Case 11: Sixteen Year Old Male with Tibial Malunion Complicated by Pathological Fracture
Pages 73-80
Growth Plate Injuries: An Introduction
Pages 83-86
Case 12: Deformity and Lengthening of Tibia Following Meningococcal Septicemia
Pages 87-91
Case 13: Guided Growth Treatment for Genu Valgum Secondary to Juxtaphyseal Recurrent Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Distal Femur
Pages 93-99
Case 14: Proximal Tibial Recurvatum Corrected Using the Ilizarov Technique in a 14 Year Old Boy
Pages 101-105
Case 15: Correction of Post-infectious Partial Proximal Tibia Growth Arrest with Taylor Spatial Frame in a Child
Pages 107-112
Case 16: Correction of Partial Epiphyseal Growth Arrest and 7 cm Shortening in 10 Years Old Girl
Pages 113-117
Case 17: Traumatic Physeal Arrest of the Proximal Tibia with Deformity in All 4 Dimensions (Length, Coronal Angulation, Sagittal Angulation, and Rotation)
Pages 119-122
Case 18: Adolescent with 7-cm Femoral Shortening due to Physeal Growth Deceleration: Femoral Lengthening with PRECICE Retrograde Intramedullary Nail
Pages 123-129
Case 19: Femoral Shortening (14 cm) and Deformity Treated with Acute Correction and Two Consecutive Retrograde Fitbone Applications
Pages 131-135
Case 20: Proximal
Pages 137-141
Case 21: Proximal Tibial Recurvatum and Ipsilateral Short Femur Treated with a MAC External Fixation System
Pages 143-148
Case 22: Correction of Recurvatum Deformity with Osteotomy, External Fixator, and Epiphysiodesis
Pages 149-153
Case 23: Valgus/Flexion and Shortening of the Distal Femur from Growth Arrest Treated with a Monolateral Frame
Pages 155-162
Case 24: Valgus Deformity of the Distal Femur and LLD Secondary to Posttraumatic Physeal Arrest: Femoral Lengthening with FITBONE Retrograde Intramedullary Nail
Pages 163-170
Case 25: Oblique Plane Deformities of Femur and Tibia After Open Fracture Treated with TSF
Pages 171-176
Case 26: Post-infection Loss of the Lateral Half of the Upper Tibial Epiphysis with Deformity and LLD
Pages 177-182
Case 27: Tibia Valga Treated with Tibial and Fibular Osteotomy and Application of a Multi-axial Correcting External Fixation System
Pages 183-188
Case 28: Distal Femoral Deformity Correction Using MAC
Pages 189-192
Congenital Pseudarthrosis of Tibia and Fibula: An Introduction
Pages 195-196
Case 29: Eight Year Old Child with Congenital Pseudarthrosis Tibia and Severe Deformity. Correction of Deformity with Double Osteotomy, Insertion of Fassier-Duval Rod and OP-1 Application
Pages 197-202
Case 30: Congenital Pseudarthrosis Tibia (El-Rosasy – Paley Type 2)
Pages 203-207
Case 31: Congenital Pseudarthrosis Tibia (El-Rosasy – Paley Type 3)
Pages 209-213
Case 32: Fourteen Year Old Patient with Severe Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia
Pages 215-221
Case 33: Congenital Tibial Pseudoarthrosis Treated with Internal and External Fixation Using the 4 in 1 Technique
Pages 223-227
Case 34: Recalcitrant Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia
Pages 229-234
Case 35: Congenital Tibial Pseudarthrosis Managed with Ipsilateral Vascularized Fibula Transfer
Pages 235-239
Case 36: Congenital Pseudarthrosis of Tibia
Pages 241-247
Case 37: Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Fibula
Pages 249-253
Case 38: Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Fibula: Direct Surgical Repair
Pages 255-259
Congenital Lower Limb Deficiencies: An Introduction
Pages 263-270
Case 39: Delayed Regenerate Bone Formation in a Seven Year Old Boy with Fibular Hemimelia Undergoing Tibial Lengthening
Pages 271-276
Case 40: Guided Growth and Syme Amputation in a Thirteen-Year-Old Boy with Type 2 Congenital Fibular Deficiency
Pages 277-280
Case 41: Fibular Hemimelia: Paley Type 3
Pages 281-292
Case 42: Congenital Posteromedial Bowing of the Tibia (Congenital Tibia Recurvatum)
Pages 293-296
Case 43: Tibial Hemimelia
Pages 297-305
Case 44: Tibial Hemimelia Paley Type 5a (Jones Type 1b) and Paley Type 5b (Jones Type 1a)
Pages 307-321
Case 45: Tibial Hemimelia Type II in a 6 Year Old Child Treated with Fibular Transfer and Centralization and Syme’s Amputation
Pages 323-327
Case 46: Type IV Tibial Dysplasia
Pages 329-334
Case 47: Seven-Year-Old Male with Lower Limb Reconstruction and Lengthening due to Type IV Tibial Deficiency, Foot Equinus and LLD
Pages 335-345
Case 48: Congenital Short Femur – Lengthening Over a Rush Pin with Knee Ligament Reconstruction
Pages 347-351
Case 49: Femoral Lengthening with MAC External Fixation System
Pages 353-357
Case 50: Femoral Lengthening and Rotational Correction with a Precice Nail in a Patient with Congenital Femoral Deficiency and Femoral Retroversion
Pages 359-363
Case 51: Simultaneous Knee and Hip Dislocation During Femoral Lengthening in a Patient with Congenital Short Femur
Pages 365-373
Case 52: Congenital Femoral Length Discrepancy Pappas Type VIII in a 7 Year Old Child Treated by Femoral Lengthening Associated with Flexible Intramedullary Nailing
Pages 375-380
Case 53: Staged Lengthening of 20 cm in the Femur and Tibia to Equalize Leg Lengths in a Growing Child
Pages 381-386
Case 54: Knee Subluxation During Femoral Lengthening in a Six Year Old Boy with Congenital Coxa Vara and Congenital Short Femur
Pages 387-393
Case 55: Congenital Femoral Deficiency: Paley Type 1b and Paley Type 1c
Pages 395-404
Case 56: Congenital Femoral Deficiency: Paley Type 2a
Pages 405-414
Case 57: Congenital Femoral Deficiency: Paley Type 2c
Pages 415-420
Case 58: Van Nes Rotationplasty and Hip Reconstruction in the Treatment of Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency (PFFD)
Pages 421-426
Case 59: Intraoperative SSEP Monitoring of Circular External Fixation for Revision of Brown Rotationplasty
Pages 427-433
Case 60: Absent Knee Extensor Mechanism, Fixed Flexion Deformity, Leg Length Inequality and Foot Deformity in an 11 Year Old Girl Treated with Knee Disarticulation
Pages 435-438
Pediatric Blount Disease: An Introduction
Pages 441-442
Case 61: Guided Growth Treatment for Early-Onset Blount Disease
Pages 443-449
Case 62: Proximal Tibial Osteotomy in a 4 Year Old Child with Blount Disease
Pages 451-455
Case 63: Infantile Blount Disease with Plateau Depression
Pages 457-461
Case 64: Correction of Juvenile Blount’s Disease
Pages 463-466
Case 65: Hemiplateau Elevation for Early-Onset Blount Disease
Pages 467-475
Case 66: Simultaneous Correction of Medial Proximal Tibial Plateau Depression and Tibia Vara in an Obese Child with Blount’s
Pages 477-481
Case 67: Adolescent Blounts Treated with Acute Plateau Elevation and Metaphyseal Correction with TSF
Pages 483-487
Case 68: Correction of Adolescent Tibia Vara Without Fibular Osteotomy and Without Fixation of the Fibula Using the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF)
Pages 489-493
Case 69: 13 Year Old with Unilateral Late-Onset Blount Disease
Pages 495-505
Case 70: Adolescent Blount’s Disease Treated with MAC External Fixation System
Pages 507-513
Case 71: Morbidly Obese Teenager with Significant Blount’s Treated with Taylor Spatial Frame
Pages 515-520
Case 72: Correction of Multi-planar Deformity in 120 kg 13 Year Old Patient with Blount’s Disease
Pages 521-529
Pediatric Arthrogryposis: An Introduction
Pages 533-535
Case 73: Correction of Arthrogrypotic Clubfoot Deformities with the Ponseti Method of Serial Casting
Pages 537-542
Case 74: Recalcitrant Clubfeet in a 4 Year Old with Arthrogryposis Treated with External Fixation
Pages 543-548
Case 75: Correction of Severe Foot Deformity in Arthrogryposis with Midfoot Osteotomy and Ilizarov Frame
Pages 549-552
Case 76: Treatment of Complex Clubfoot Using Midfoot Osteotomy and Taylor Spatial Butt Frame (TSF)
Pages 553-557
Case 77: Bilateral Congenital Vertical Talus and Dislocated Hips in a Child with Very Severe Arthrogryposis
Pages 559-563
Case 78: Recurrent Knee Flexion Contractures in a 10 Year Old with Arthrogryposis
Pages 565-569
Case 79: Correction of Severe Arthrogrypotic Knee Flexion Contractures
Pages 571-577
Case 80: Correction of Severe Contractures, Pterygium and Lower Limb Deformities Caused By Arthrogryposis
Pages 579-584
Case 81: Simultaneous Correction of Hip and Knee Flexion Contractures in a 5 Year Old with Arthrogryposis
Pages 585-590
Case 82: Synchronization of Surgical Interventions for Multiple Deformities in a Four Year Old with Arthrogryposis
Pages 591-594
Case 83: Journey of a Child Born with Severe Arthrogryposis and Lower Limb Deformities
Pages 595-600
Pediatric Skeletal Dysplasias: An Introduction
Pages 603-605
Case 84: Multiple Lower Limb Deformities in a 14 Year Old Girl with Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia and Low Lumbar Spina Bifida
Pages 607-610
Case 85: Eleven Year Old Child with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III and Multiple Severe Deformities, Treated with Telescoping Fassier-Duval Rods
Pages 611-617
Case 86: Coxa Vara in a Nine-Year-Old Boy with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Pages 619-622
Case 87: Revision of Bilateral Tibial Fassier-Duval Rods in an Eleven Year Old Girl with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Pages 623-626
Case 88: Varus Deformity of the Distal Femur and LLD Secondary to Ollier’s Disease Corrected by Gradual Deformity Correction and Lengthening
Pages 627-632
Case 89: Genu Valgum and Limb Length Discrepancy in Multiple Enchondromatosis
Pages 633-640
Case 90: Correction of Lower Limb Deformities in Multiple Hereditary Exostosis (MHE)
Pages 641-644
Case 91: Bilateral Genu Valgum due to Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome)
Pages 645-652
Case 92: Refracture, Soft Tissue Contracture, and Angular Deformity After Femoral Lengthening in Achondroplasia
Pages 653-659
Case 93: Migration of the Fibula During Tibial Lengthening in Achondroplasia
Pages 661-673
Case 94: Correction of Tibia Recurvatum and Shortening in Skeletal Dysplasia
Pages 675-679
Case 95: Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Treated by Bi-lateral Proximal Tibial Osteotomy Followed by Gradual Deformity Correction
Pages 681-690
Case 96: Severe Genu Valgum in Skeletal Dysplasia: Acute Versus Gradual Correction
Pages 691-700
Case 97: TAR Syndrome
Pages 701-704
Pediatric Metabolic and Vascular Disorders: An Introduction
Pages 707-708
Case 98: Deformity Correction in Child with X-Linked Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets by Combined Technique (External Fixation and Flexible Intramedullary Nailing)
Pages 709-713
Case 99: Genu Varum Secondary to Rickets Treated with Femoral and Tibial Osteotomy and Application of a Multi-axial Correcting External Fixation System
Pages 715-718
Case 100: Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Bilateral Severe Genu Varum. Retrograde Fixator Assisted Nailing for Femurs and Double Level Tibial Osteotomies with TSF
Pages 719-725
Case 101: Vitamin D-Resistant Hypophosphatemic Rickets Treated by Double-Level Femoral Osteotomy with Internal Fixation and Proximal Tibial Osteotomy with Gradual Deformity Correction
Pages 727-737
Case 102: Avoiding Amputation and Prosthetics in Children with Complex Lower Limb Deformities
Pages 739-746
Pediatric Hip Deformities: An Introduction
Pages 749-750
Case 103: Septic Destruction of the Hip and Significant LLD Treated by Pelvic Support Osteotomy and Femoral Lengthening
Pages 751-759
Case 104: Ilizarov Hip Reconstruction for Post Infective Femoral Head Destruction
Pages 761-765
Case 105: Perthes: Femoral Head Reduction Osteotomy
Pages 767-773
Case 106: Perthes Hip Treated with Articulated Hip Distraction and Small Diameter Core Decompression
Pages 775-781
Case 107: Healed Slipped Capital Femoral Deformity
Pages 783-786
Case 108: Percutaneous Osteotomy of the Proximal Femur for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Pages 787-795
Case 109: Hip Fusion with an External Fixator
Pages 797-801
Case 110: Hinged Arthrodiastasis for Avascular Necrosis of the Hip
Pages 803-808
Pediatric Foot and Ankle Deformities: An Introduction
Pages 811-812
Case 111: Severe Equino-Varus Foot and Ankle Deformity from Compartment Syndrome. TSF to Correct Deformities followed by Tendon Transfer
Pages 813-818
Case 112: Severe Equinus Secondary to Linear Scleroderma Treated by Gradual Deformity Correction via Circular External Fixation Without Osteotomies
Pages 819-825
Case 113: Step by Step Approach to Cavus Foot Deformity
Pages 827-831
Case 114: Fourteen Year Old Female with Residual Clubfoot Deformity Treated with Taylor Spatial Frame
Pages 833-837
Case 115: Foot Stump Lengthening
Pages 839-841
Case 116: Infantile Myofibromatosis
Pages 843-846
Pediatric Chronic
Pages 849-849
Case 117: Chronic Osteomyelitis and 5 cm Bone Defect Treated with Masquelet Technique Followed by Ilizarov
Pages 851-857
Case 118: Trifocal Distraction Osteogenesis in the Management of Sequelae of Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Tibia (Pseudarthrosis, Deformity and LLD)
Pages 859-863
Pediatric Rotational Deformities (Miserable Malalignement Syndrome): An Introduction
Pages 867-867
Case 119: Adolescent with Bilateral Femoral and Tibial Rotational Deformity (Miserable Malalignement Syndrome) Combined with Proximal Tibial Varus and Recurvatum
Pages 869-878
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