CONTENTS
Contributors vii
About the Editors xix
Foreword xxi
Preface xxiii
Abbreviations xxxv
SECTION I: VASCULAR ACCESS
1 Gaining Vascular Access 1
Khashayar Farsad
2 Vascular Closure Devices 36
Evan Lehrman, Andrew Sideris, Stephen P. Reis, and Joshua L. Weintraub
3 Management of Vascular Complications 51
John Chung and Darren Klass
SECTION II: TRANSARTERIAL PROCEDURES
Ischemia and Hemorrhage
4 Endovascular Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke 58
Zachary M. Wilseck, Johanna M. Ospel, Joseph J. Gemmete,
and Venu Vadlamudi
5 Carotid Artery Stenosis 71
Neil V. Patel, Emanuele Orrù, Miklos Marosfoi, and Ajay K. Wakhloo
6 Vascular Emergencies of the Head and Neck 85
Mesha L. Martinez, Joshua Cornman-Homonoff, and Michele H. Johnson
7 Renovascular Hypertension: Endovascular Management 101
William F. Browne and David W. Trost
8 Acute Mesenteric Ischemia 110
Meghan R. Clark, Luke R. Wilkins, Daniel P. Sheeran,
and Alan H. Matsumoto
9 Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 126
Michael Darcy and Alexander Ushinsky

10 Aortoiliac Interventions 133
Jessica H. Yoon, Sun Ho Ahn, and Timothy P. Murphy
11 Superficial Femoral Artery Interventions 145
Andrew S. Niekamp, Ripal T. Gandhi, and James F. Benenati
12 Infrapopliteal Arterial Interventions 157
Crystal Razavi and Mahmood K. Razavi
13 Acute Limb Ischemia: Pharmacomechanical
and Thrombolytic Therapy 164
Matthew J. Scheidt
14 Trauma Management 177
Brian Stainken
Aneurysms and Malformations
15 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections 191
David S. Wang and Michael D. Dake
16 Pulmonary Vascular Malformations 202
Todd Schlachter, Katharine J. Henderson, and Jeffrey S. Pollak
17 Stent-Grafts for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms 210
Matthew J. Scheidt, Shantanu Warhadpande, and Parag J. Patel
18 Management of Stent-Graft Endoleaks 221
David R. Bamshad and Robert Lookstein
19 Visceral Aneurysms 228
Sebastian Kos and David M. Hovsepian
20 The Management of Extracranial Vascular
Malformations 233
Gilles Soulez, Patrick Gilbert, Marie France Giroux, and Josée Dubois
Tumor Embolization
21 Hepatic Metastases: Chemoembolization 254
Michael C. Soulen
22 Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Chemoembolization 259
Andrew R. Kolarich, Iakovos Theodoulou, and Christos S. Georgiades

23 Hepatic Malignancies: Radioembolization 270
Ahmed Gabr, Riad Salem, and Robert J. Lewandowski
24 Uterine Fibroid Embolization 277
James B. Spies
25 Splenic and Renal Embolization 284
Sebastian Kos, David M. Liu, and Stephen G.F. Ho
26 BPH: Prostatic Artery Embolization 290
Francisco Cesar Carnevale, Airton Mota Moreira,
and André Moreira de Assis
SECTION III: TRANSVENOUS PROCEDURES
Central Venous Access and Management
27 Temporary Central Venous Access: Peripherally Inserted
Central Catheters and Nontunneled Central Venous
Catheters 299
Sidney Regalado and Brian Funaki
28 Long-Term Central Venous Access: Tunneled Catheters and
Subcutaneous Ports 307
Sidney Regalado and Brian Funaki
29 Central Venous Access Management 317
Rakesh Navuluri and Brian Funaki
Dialysis Access and Management
30 Dialysis Fistulae 321
Aalpen A. Patel and Scott O. Trerotola
31 Dialysis Grafts 329
Aalpen A. Patel and Scott O. Trerotola
32 Dialysis Catheter Management 335
Peter R. Bream, Jr.
Deep Venous Thrombosis
33 Venography 343
Rulon L. Hardman
34 Pulmonary Embolism: Endovascular Interventions 350
Andrew Kesselman, Ronald S. Winokur, and Akhilesh K. Sista

35 Vena Caval Filters 358
Leonardo A. Campos and John A. Kaufman
36 Acute Extremity DVT: Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis 374
Suresh Vedantham
37 Endovascular Management of Chronic Deep
Venous Obstructive Disease 382
Kush R. Desai
Hepatic and Portal Venous Interventions
38 Transvenous Biopsy 391
Ye Joon Kim and Osman Ahmed
39 Preoperative Hepatic Augmentation 399
Joshua Cornman-Homonoff and David C. Madoff
40 Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts 407
Ziv J. Haskal and John T. Matson
41 Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Varices 417
John T. Matson and Ziv J. Haskal
Varicoceles and Varicosities
42 Varicocele Embolization 423
Lindsay Machan
43 Ovarian and Pelvic Vein Embolization 430
Lindsay Machan and Maureen P. Kohi
44 Thermal and Nonthermal Saphenous Vein Ablation 434
Ronald S. Winokur, Kimberly L. Scherer, Robert J. Min, and Neil M. Khilnani
45 Varicose, Perforator, and Spider Veins: Liquid Ablation and
Microphlebectomy 446
Kimberly L. Scherer, Neil M. Khilnani, and Ronald S. Winokur
SECTION IV: NONVASCULAR PROCEDURES
Biopsy and Drainage
46 Biopsy Procedures of the Lung, Mediastinum,
and Chest Wall 453
Matthew D. Cham, Claudia I. Henschke, and David F. Yankelevitz

47 Catheter Drainage of Intrathoracic Collections 460
Jared D. Christensen, Edward F. Patz Jr, and Jeremy J. Erasmus
48 Lymphatic Interventions 468
Alexey Gurevich and Maxim Itkin
49 Percutaneous Abdominal Biopsy 475
Daniel I. Glazer and Stuart G. Silverman
50 Drainage of Abdominal Abscesses and
Fluid Collections 485
Ashraf Thabet and Ronald S. Arellano
51 Percutaneous Gastrostomy, Percutaneous Gastrojejunostomy,
Jejunostomy, and Cecostomy 494
Ji Hoon Shin and Ho-Young Song
52 Percutaneous Biliary Interventions 505
Pouya Entezari and Ahsun Riaz
53 Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Antegrade Ureteral
Stenting 525
Sirish A. Kishore and Anne M. Covey
54 Lymphocele and Cyst Drainage and Sclerosis 541
Parag Amin, Danny Cheng, and Thuong G. Van Ha
Tumor Ablation
55 Pulmonary Tumor Ablation 546
Bradley B. Pua and Stephen B. Solomon
56 Hepatic Tumor Ablation 553
Laura Crocetti, Elena Bozzi, and Roberto Cioni
57 Renal Tumor Ablation 566
Shilpa Reddy, Joseph P. Erinjeri, and Timothy W.I. Clark
58 Musculoskeletal Biopsies, Aspirations, and Injections 574
Katherine Marchak and Kristofer Schramm
59 Musculoskeletal (MSK) Ablation 584
Brandon M. Key and Sean M. Tutton

Musculoskeletal Interventions
60 Osteorestorative Techniques 591
Alexios Kelekis and Dimitrios K. Filippiadis
61 Musculoskeletal Pain and Palliative Procedures 598
Brandon M. Key and Sean M. Tutton
SECTION V: INTRAPROCEDURAL PATIENT MANAGEMENT
62 Safety in IR 612
Rathachai Kaewlai and Hani H. Abujudeh
63 Sedation, Analgesia, and Anesthesia 619
John Crowe and Marcus A. Lehman
64 Drug Administration 630
Denise Hegemann
65 Contrast Media Reactions: Treatment
and Risk Reduction 634
Michael A. Bettmann
66 Contrast-Induced Nephropathy:
Prevention and Management 639
Michael A. Bettmann
SECTION VI: NONINVASIVE EVALUATION AND
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
67 Noninvasive Physiologic Evaluation: Lower
Extremity Arteries 646
Joseph F. Polak
68 Duplex Ultrasound Imaging of Carotid and
Peripheral Arteries 651
Joseph F. Polak
69 Duplex Ultrasound of the Abdominal Vasculature 658
Ajay K. Singh and Rathachai Kaewlai
70 Color Doppler and Ultrasound Imaging of
Peripheral Veins 668
Joseph F. Polak
71 Magnetic Resonance Angiography 676
Nanda Deepa Thimmappa and Martin R. Prince

72 Computed Tomographic Angiography 686
Michael L. Martin
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Vascular Anatomy A-1
Krishna Kandarpa
Appendix B: Nursing Checklist A-11
Evelyn P. Wempe, DéAnn O. McNamara, and Krishna Kandarpa
Appendix C: Hemodynamic Monitoring and
Cardiovascular Pressures A-14
Michael G. Flater
Appendix D: Common Magnetic Resonance
Angiography Protocols A-32
Nanda Deepa Thimmappa and Martin R. Prince
Appendix E: Computed Tomographic Angiography A-34
Michael L. Martin
Appendix F: Contrast Media Table A-36
Appendix G: Carotid Stenting Data Tables A-38
Index I-1
The following chapters can be accessed online.
e-73 Radionuclide Evaluation for Interventional Radiologists 690
Elizabeth H. Dibble and Don C. Yoo
e-74 PET/CT for Oncologic Interventions 699
Elizabeth H. Dibble and Don C. Yoo
e-75 Clinical Evaluation of the Cancer Patient 703
Karen Marshall-Grace and Robert J. Lewandowski
e-76 Cancer Imaging for Interventional Radiologists 708
Ajay K. Singh and Rathachai Kaewlai
SECTION VII: SPECIAL INTERVENTIONS
e-77 Pediatric Angiography 718
Manraj K.S. Heran and Leandro Cardarelli-Leite
e-78 Bronchial Artery Embolization 722
Leandro Cardarelli-Leite, Mohammed T. Alshammari, and Manraj K.S. Heran

e-79 Tracheobronchial Stents 728
Arthur Oliver Romero, Eric J. Seeley, and K. Pallav Kolli
e-80 Esophageal Stents 738
Ho-Young Song, Ji Hoon Shin, and Chang Jin Yoon
e-81 Gastroduodenal Stent Placement 744
Jin Hyoung Kim, Ho-Young Song, and Chang Jin Yoon
e-82 Colorectal Stent Placement 748
Jin Hyoung Kim, Ho-Young Song, and Ji Hoon Shin
e-83 Retrieval of Intravascular Foreign Bodies 753
Aneeta Parthipun and Tarun Sabharwal
e-84 Liver Transplant Management 762
Wael E.A. Saad
e-85 Selective Salpingography and Fallopian
Tube Recanalization 771
Lindsay Machan
e-86 Endovascular Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage 774
Zachary Berman and Anne Roberts
e-87 Peritoneal Dialysis 778
Peter B. Hathaway
e-88 Management of Recurrent Ascites 782
Maye M. Chan and David A. Rosenthal
e-89 Adrenal Vein Sampling 789
Suraj Prakash and William S. Rilling
e-90 Genicular Artery Embolization 792
Leigh Casadaban and Siddharth A. Padia
SECTION VIII: MATERIALS AND METHODS
e-91 Intravascular Contrast Media 799
Michael A. Bettmann
e-92 Angiographic Equipment Selection and Configuration 806
Beth A. Schueler, J. Anthony Seibert, and Keith J. Strauss

e-93 Standard Angiography/Interventional
Procedure Tray Contents 819
Emily Vande Slunt and Debra Barnes
e-94 Needles, Guidewires, Catheters, and Stents 821
David W. Trost and Vibhor Wadhwa
e-95 Embolization: Materials 829
Siobhan M. Flanagan, Reza Talaeie, and Jafar Golzarian
e-96 Commonly Used Medications 841
Michael B. Heller, Alexander H. Lam, and Maureen P. Kohi
SECTION IX: RISK MANAGEMENT
e-97 Obtaining and Documenting Informed Consent 876
Lawlor Quinlan
e-98 Quality Initiatives and Clinical Practice
Guidelines: General Principles 879
Zuhal Haidari, Sheena Patel, and Alda Tam
e-99 Radiation Safety in Interventional Radiology 887
Kyle Jones and Donald L. Miller
e-100 Infection Control and Sterile Technique in
Interventional Radiology 892
Danny Chan and Shannon Coleman
SECTION X: NURSING MANAGEMENT
e-101 Periprocedural Care of the Interventional
Radiology Patient 899
Tracy Puttre and Carolyn Hammen
e-102 Organization and Operation of the Interventional
Radiology Clinic 908
Lindsay Marie Thornton, Joseph Zikri, Jeffrey Leichter, Hamed Jalaeian,
Arais Cavada, and Shivank Bhatia
e-103 The Management of External Drainage Catheters 915
Heather Molina and Maye M. Chan