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1. Introduction and how to use this book
How to use this book
PART I Practical
2. Design and physical features of the probe
Overall structure of the probe
The transducer
The movable tip
The body
The control handle
3. Patient safety and comfort
Airway and sedation considerations
Patient specific considerations
General considerations
Procedural plan
Consent
4. Introduction of the probe
Anesthetizing the oropharynx
Positioning of the patient
Use of a bite block
Other considerations
Inspecting and preparing the probe
Breakdown of steps in inserting the probe
Passing the larynx
5. Positioning and moving the probe
Surveying a structure
Moving from one structure to another
6. Optimizing image quality
Echo windows
Centering a structure
Unobstructed views
Problems and solutions
Alternative presentations
Optimizing for 3-D
7. Strategies for specific structures
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Mitral valve
Left atrium
Left atrial appendage
Pulmonary veins
Atrial septum
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
8. An effective examination sequence
9. End of the examination, and post-procedure
Removal of the probe
Safety of the patient
Documentation and communication
Processing of the probe
PART II Theoretical
10. Ultrasound
Transmission, reflection and generation of ultrasound
Spectral Doppler
Color Doppler
Three-dimensional imaging
Mechanical and thermal index
11. Instrumentation
Control panel
Depth and focus
Structural imaging parameters
Frequency and tissue harmonic imaging
Power and temperature
Dynamic range, compression and gray map
Color flow map
Glossary
12. Anatomy
Variability of tipping of the left ventricle in the sagittal plane
Presence of echo windows
Variability of orientation of the mitral valve
Variable orientation of the right ventricular outflow tract and main
pulmonary artery
Relation of descending aorta to left heart and arch to the descending aorta
Size relationship of the oropharynx to the probe
Anatomy of the esophagus and larynx
PART III Resources
13. Resources
Anatomy
Bioeffects
General
Guidance
Mechanical complications/safety e general
Mechanical complications/safety - perioperative
Medications and medication effects
Sedation
Index
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