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Normal Embryological Development of the Female Genital Tract
Pages 3-14
Female genital malformations represent miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy. With a prevalence of approximately 6% in the general population, they might be associated with health problems, potentially dangerous complications or poor reproductive outcome depending on the type and the degree of the anatomical abnormality. During the last two decades the better understanding of their pathogenesis, the availability of new non-invasive techniques for their diagnosis and the increased experience from their treatment have radically changed their management. A new, clinically oriented classification system has now been developed facilitating their evidence-based appraisal. It is a reality that the management of female genital malformations has changed rapidly during the last few years from an experience based and mainly descriptive field to a scientific evidence-based one. This book presents all uterine, cervical and vaginal anomalies in a systematic way and the new ESHRE/ESGE classification system utilised for their categorization. In addition, their embryogenesis and etiology are summarized. The diagnostic work-up of women with female genital malformations is reviewed in an evidence-based fashion and taking into account the availability of new non-invasive diagnostic methods. The treatment strategy and the therapeutic alternatives to restore health and reproductive problems associated with their presence are critically reviewed.
Normal Embryological Development of the Female Genital Tract
Pages 3-14
Pathogenesis and Aetiology of Female Genital Malformations
Pages 15-27
Implantation in Women with Uterine Congenital Malformations
Pages 29-34
Classification of Female Genital Malformations
Pages 35-45
Hysterosalpingography
Pages 49-61
2D Ultrasound (2D US) and Sonohysterography (SHG) for the Diagnosis of Female Genital Anomalies
Pages 63-78
3D Ultrasound (3D US)
Pages 79-97
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Female Genital Anomalies
Pages 99-111
Diagnosis of Uterine Congenital Anomalies: Endoscopy
Pages 113-119
Current Work-Up for Screening and Diagnosing Female Genital Malformations
Pages 121-130
Prevalence in the General and Selected Populations
Pages 133-139
Health Problems Related to Female Genital Malformations: Obstructive and Complex Anomalies
Pages 141-145
Fertility in Women with Uterine Malformations
Pages 147-155
Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Uterine Anomalies
Pages 157-167
Cervical Weakness in Women Who Have Uterine Anomalies: Impact on Pregnancy Outcome
Pages 169-174
Frank Dilators
Pages 177-181
Vulvo-perineoplasty/Creatsas Vaginoplasty
Pages 183-186
Neovagina Formation by Expansion of the Vaginal Vault
Pages 187-199
Neovagina Creation with the Use of the Pelvic Peritoneum
Pages 201-210
Neovagina Formation with the Use of Bowel
Pages 211-219
Vaginal Aplasia: Critical Overview of Available Treatment Options
Pages 221-227
Vaginal Septae and Imperforate Hymen
Pages 231-239
Treatment of Obstructing Anomalies: Cervical Aplasia
Pages 241-246
Treatment of Patients with Non-communicating Horns with Cavity
Pages 247-257
T-Shaped Uterus
Pages 261-270
Septum Resection: Techniques and Post-treatment Reproductive Performance
Pages 271-278
Bicorporeal Uterus: Treatment Options
Pages 279-289
Bicorporeal Uterus: Laparoscopic Metroplasty
Pages 291-295
Disorders of Sex Development: Classification and Treatment
Pages 299-310
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