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The book covers various scenarios when errors, biases and systemic barriers prevail in emergency medicine, discusses their impact, and then offers solutions to mitigate their undesired outcomes. The process of clinical reasoning in emergency medicine is a complex exercise in cognition, judgment and problem-solving that is prone to mistakes. The book presents various cases written by a team of emergency specialists and trainees in an engaging format that is helpful for the practicing and teaching emergency doctor and trainees.
The book discusses 60 different types of biases and errors with clinical cases, and knowledge of strategies to mitigate them—a concept known as ‘cognitive debiasing’ that has the potential to reduce diagnostic error, and therefore, morbidity and mortality. It aims to help the readers during assessment of patients in the emergency department. Each chapter includes 4 cases illustrating the bias, error or barrier discussed, followed by a potential solution.
This book helps in polishing the thinking and behavior of the readers so to potentially enhance their clinical competence in emergency department.
We Can’t Escape Bias
Pages 1-7
Morgenstern, Justin
Aggregate Bias
Pages 9-14
Sam, Khin Moe
Ambiguity Bias
Pages 15-20
Sheffield, Elizabeth
Anchoring Bias
Pages 21-27
Kosmidis, Michail
Ascertainment Bias
Pages 29-34
Wills, Phillippa
Attentional Bias
Pages 35-39
Wills, Phillippa
Authority Bias
Pages 41-46
Silvester, Carly
Availability Bias
Pages 47-52
Morgenstern, Justin
Bandwagon Effect
Pages 53-58
Luckhoff, Carl
Base Rate Neglect
Pages 59-63
Morgenstern, Justin
Belief Bias
Pages 65-70
Sheffield, Elizabeth
Blind Spot Bias
Pages 71-75
Greentree, Charley
Commission Bias
Pages 77-82
Musiienko, Anton
Confirmation Bias
Pages 83-88
Kosmidis, Michail
Congruence Bias
Pages 89-96
Luckhoff, Carl
Contrast Effect
Pages 97-102
Sheffield, Elizabeth
Decision Fatigue Effect
Pages 103-110
Lee, Xiu Qing
Deformation Professionnelle Bias
Pages 111-116
Sam, Khin Moe
Diagnostic Momentum Error
Pages 117-122
Ryan, William
Dunning-Kruger Effect
Pages 123-128
TenEyck, Lisa
Ego Bias
Pages 129-134
Sri-Ganeshan, Myles
Expectation Bias
Pages 135-139
Sheffield, Elizabeth
Feedback Sanction
Pages 141-146
Sam, Khin Moe
Framing Effect
Pages 147-152
Kosmidis, Michail
Fundamental Attribution Error
Pages 153-158
Kosmidis, Michail
Gambler’s Fallacy
Pages 159-166
Bowles, Fiona
Gender Bias
Pages 167-172
Hansen, Kim
Hawthorne Effect
Pages 173-177
Hansen, Kim
Hindsight Bias
Pages 179-184
Sam, Khin Moe
Illusory Correlation
Pages 185-194
Bowles, Fiona
Information Bias
Pages 195-200
TenEyck, Lisa
Inter-Group Bias
Pages 201-207
Biggs, Nicola
Mere Exposure Effect
Pages 209-213
Wills, Phillippa
Modality Effect
Pages 215-220
Sri-Ganeshan, Myles
Multiple Alternatives Bias
Pages 221-228
Luckhoff, Carl
Need for Closure Bias
Pages 229-235
Luckhoff, Carl
Negativity Bias
Pages 237-244
Lee, Xiu Qing
Neglect of Probability Bias
Pages 245-250
Parker, Robyn
Omission Bias
Pages 251-256
Musiienko, Anton
Order Bias
Pages 257-261
TenEyck, Lisa
Outcome Bias
Pages 263-270
Lee, Xiu Qing
Overconfidence Bias
Pages 271-276
Hansen, Kim
Planning Fallacy
Pages 277-280
Silvester, Carly
Playing the Odds Bias
Pages 281-286
Sam, Khin Moe
Posterior Probability Bias
Pages 287-291
Hansen, Kim
Premature Closure
Pages 293-299
Greentree, Charley
Psych-Out Error
Pages 301-306
Snape, Michelle
Reactance Bias
Pages 307-312
Biggs, Nicola
Representativeness Restraint
Pages 313-317
Wills, Phillippa
Reverse Ego Bias
Pages 319-324
Sri-Ganeshan, Myles
Search Satisfaction
Pages 325-330
Sam, Khin Moe
Self-Serving Bias
Pages 331-337
Luckhoff, Carl
Semmelweis Reflex
Pages 339-343
Greentree, Charley
Status Quo Effect
Pages 345-350
Parker, Robyn
Sunk Cost Bias
Pages 351-356
Silvester, Carly
Sutton’s Law and Sutton’s Slip
Pages 357-361
Wills, Phillippa
Triage Cueing Error
Pages 363-369
Snape, Michelle
Unpacking Principle Error
Pages 371-376
Greentree, Charley
Visceral Bias
Pages 377-382
Snape, Michelle Helen
Yin Yang Out Error
Pages 383-388
Greentree, Charley
Zebra Retreat
Pages 389-394
Pouryahya, Pourya
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