Table of Contents

Part I Diagnosing and Prediction—Getting It Right Now,
Predicting It Right in the Future
1 Pathogenesis and Evolution of Liver Fibrosis: Cirrhosis
or Cirrhoses? 3
Francesca Saffioti and Massimo Pinzani
2 Natural History of Cirrhosis 13
Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
3 Prediction of Complications of Cirrhosis:
Molecular Biomarkers 21
Mar Coll, Elsa Solà and Pau Sancho-Bru
4 Predictors of Clinical Complications of Cirrhosis 29
Joel P Wedd, Avash Kalra and Scott W Biggins
5 Noninvasive Markers of Fibrosis in the Assessment
of Cirrhosis 39
Nikhiel B. Rau and Nezam H. Afdhal
6 Diagnosis of Cirrhosis: Imaging 49
Sumit Kumar, Sumeet K Asrani and Jayant Talwalkar
7 Measurement of Portal Pressure and Transjugular
Liver Biopsy 57
Juan G Abraldes, Philippe Sarlieve and Puneeta Tandon
Part II Current Management Strategies for the Complications
of Cirrhosis
8 Reversal of Cirrhosis 71
Gemma Odena, Eva Stein and Ramon Bataller
9 Esophageal Varices: Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis 83
Humberto C. Gonzalez and William Sanchez

10 Acute Variceal Bleeding 93
Àngels Escorsell, Virginia Hernández-Gea
and Juan C. García-Pagán
11 Gastric and Ectopic Varices 103
Daniel Schmidt and P Aiden McCormick
12 Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy and Gastric Antral
Vascular Ectasia 111
Mary Drinane and Vijay H. Shah
13 Ascites and Refractory Ascites 121
Angelo Paredes and Arun J. Sanyal
14 Hyponatremia in Cirrhosis 131
Elliot B. Tapper and Andrés Cárdenas
15 Hepatorenal Syndrome 141
Elsa Solà and Pere Ginès
16 Hepatic Encephalopathy 149
Ankit V. Patel and Jasmohan S. Bajaj
17 Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy: Pathogenic Mechanisms
and Management Strategies 159
Hongqun Liu and Samuel S. Lee
18 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome 169
David S. Goldberg and Michael B. Fallon
19 Portopulmonary Hypertension 177
Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba and Michael J. Krowka
20 Portal Vein Thrombosis 187
Dominique-Charles Valla
21 Coagulation Disorders in Patients with Cirrhosis 195
Patrick G. Northup, Nicolas M. Intagliata and Neeral L. Shah
22 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 207
Bubu A Banini and Lewis R Roberts
23 Cholangiocarcinoma 219
William C. Palmer and Denise M. Harnois
24 Bacterial Infections in Patients with Cirrhosis 229
Thierry Gustot and Richard Moreau

25 Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure 243
Vicente Arroyo and Javier Fernandez
26 Liver Support Systems 251
Mansoor Bangash, Banwari Agarwal and Rajiv Jalan
27 Liver Transplantation 259
Nizar A. Mukhtar and Oren K. Fix
28 Assessment and Management of the Patient with Cirrhosis
Undergoing Surgery 271
Surakit Pungpapong and David P. Nunes
29 Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle, Managing Hyperlipidemia,
Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Immunizations in
Patients with Cirrhosis 281
David P. Nunes and Surakit Pungpapong
30 Malnutrition in Patients with Cirrhosis 289
Angela Vizzini and Jaime Aranda-Michel
31 Bone Disease in Patients with Cirrhosis 295
Albert Parés and Núria Guañabens
Part III Cost, Quality and End-of-Life Care in Cirrhosis
32 The Economic Cost of Cirrhosis 309
Fasiha Kanwal and Michael L. Volk
33 Delivering Quality Care to Patients with Cirrhosis: A
Practical Guide for Clinicians 317
Michael Volk and Fasiha Kanwal
34 Quality of Life Issues for Patients with Cirrhosis 323
Zobair M. Younossi and Linda Henry
35 Palliative Care in Cirrhosis 337
Maria L. Yataco, Robert Shannon and Andrew P. Keaveny
36 Ethical Issues in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Framework
for Assessment and the Challenges 347
Stephen Chris Pappas
Index 355