Introduction: An evidence-based approach for prevention, identification and management of Surgical Complications and Errors.- Variations in outcome of endodontic surgery. Preoperative complications: Diagnosis and misdiagnosis.- Case selection and treatment Planning. Intraoperative complications: Anesthesia, Flap elevation, Osteotomy and Root resection.- Bleeding and Hemostasis.- Root end preparation and filling.- Maxillary Sinus involvement. Postoperative complications: Pain and Swelling.- Post-op bleeding.- Surgical site infection.- Esthetic complications.- Nerve injury.- Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ).- Guided tissue regeneration in endodontic surgery.- Medico-legal considerations.