Contents
Part I Facial Embryology and Neonatal Palatal Cleft Morphology
1 Embryogenetics of Cleft Lip and Palate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Geoffrey H. Sperber and Steven M. Sperber
2 The Value of Longitudinal Facial and Dental Casts Records
in Clinical Research and Treatment Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Samuel Berkowitz
3 Facial and Palatal Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Samuel Berkowitz
Part II Types of Clefts
4 The Effect of Clefting of the Lip and Palate
and the Palatal Arch Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Samuel Berkowitz
5 Alternative Method Used to Correct Distorted Neonatal
Cleft Arch Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Samuel Berkowitz
6 Complete Unilateral Cleft of the Lip and Palate . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Samuel Berkowitz
7 Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Samuel Berkowitz
8 Lip Pits: Orthodontic Treatment, Dentition,
and Occlusion – Associated Skeletal Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Samuel Berkowitz
Part III Facial Growth in Cleft Palate Children
9 Characteristics of Facial Morphology and Growth
in Infants with Clefts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Sven Kreiborg, Nuno V. Hermann, and Tron A. Darvann
10 A 25-Year Longitudinal Facial Growth Study
of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects
from the Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project. . . . . . . . . . 259
Brijesh Patel and Michael Mars
11 Airway Management in Patients with Robin Sequence . . . . . 279
Kevin D. Han, Mitchel Seruya, Diego A. Preciado,
and Albert K. Oh
12 Pierre Robin Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Samuel Pruzansky and Julius B. Richmond
Part IV Audiology/Otology
13 Management of Otopathology and Hearing Loss
in Children with Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies. . . 299
Amelia F. Drake and Jackson Roush
Part V Effects of Surgery and How It Was Utilized
14 Palatal Wound Healing: The Effects of Scarring
on Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Johannes W. Von den Hoff, Jaap C. Maltha,
and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
15 Facial Growth Related to Surgical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Gunvor Semb and William C. Shaw
Part VI Lip and Palate Surgery: Millard–Berkowitz Protocol
16 The Influence of Conservative Surgery on Growth
and Occlusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Samuel Berkowitz
17 Choosing the Best Time for Palatal Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Samuel Berkowitz
Part VII Another Tested Good Surgical Procedure
18 Two-Stage Palatal Surgery with Early Veloplasty
and Delayed Hard Palate Repair: A Balanced View
on Speech and Midfacial Growth Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Hans Friede, Jan Lilja, and Anette Lohmander
Part VIII Facial Growth: Time Is the Patient’s Ally
19 Management of the Premaxilla/Maxilla in Bilateral
Cleft Lip and Palate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Karin Vargervik and Snehlata Oberoi
Part IX Presurgical Orthopedics
20 Neonatal Maxillary Orthopedics: Past to Present . . . . . . . . . . 455
Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman and Charlotte Prahl
21 A Comparison of the Effects of the Latham–Millard
POPLA Procedure with a Conservative Treatment
Approach on Dental Occlusion and Facial Aesthetics
in CUCLP and CBCLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Samuel Berkowitz and Martha Mejia
Part X Midfacial Orthodontic/Orthopedic and/or
Surgical Changes
22 Protraction Facial Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Samuel Berkowitz
23 Protraction Facial Mask for Early Correction
of Midfacial Retrusion: The Bergen Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Rolf S. Tindlund
24 LeFort I Osteotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
S.A. Wolfe and Samuel Berkowitz
Part XI Orthognathic Surgery
25 Cleft Jaw Deformities and Their Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Jeffrey C. Posnick
26 Secondary Bone Grafting of Alveolar Clefts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Frank E. Abyholm, Sayuri Otaki, and Masatomo Yorimoto
27 The Need for Differential Diagnosis in Treatment Planning . . . 613
Samuel Berkowitz
Part XII Distraction Osteogenesis
28 Rigid External Distraction: Its Application
in Cleft Maxillary Deformities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
John W. Polley and Alvaro A. Figueroa
29 Remodeling the Mandible by Distraction Osteogenesis . . . . . 649
Fernando Molina
30 Management of Maxillary Deformities
in Growing Cleft Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Eric J.W. Liou and Philip K.T. Chen
31 Preventing Relapse Following Distraction Osteogenesis
for the Cleft Midface in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
N.K. Koteswara Prasad, Syed Altaf Hussain,
and Jyotsna Murthy
Part XIII Speech
32 Diagnostic Procedures and Instruments Used
in the Assessment and Treatment of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Samuel Berkowitz
33 Variations in Nasopharyngeal Skeletal Architecture . . . . . . . . 715
Samuel Berkowitz
34 The Velopharyngeal Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Robert J. Shprintzen
35 Surgical Management of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction . . . . . . 759
Richard E. Kirschner and Adriane L. Baylis
36 Velopharyngeal Dysfunction Management Algorithms . . . . . 777
Jeffrey L. Marsh
37 Optimal Age for Palatoplasty to Facilitate Normal
Speech Development: What Is the Evidence? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
Sally J. Peterson-Falzone
38 Speech, Language, and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction:
Management Throughout the Life of an Individual
with Cleft Palate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
John E. Riski
39 Prosthetic Speech Appliances for Patients
with Cleft Palate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Mohammed Mazaheri
40 Palatal Lift Prosthesis for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal
Incompetency and Insufficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Mohammed Mazaheri
Part XIV Third World Cleft Treatment
41 Cleft Palate Treatment in Developing Countries of Africa . . . 855
Fadekemi O. Oginni and Wasiu L. Adeyemo
42 Birthing and Building Nascent Cleft Teams
in Developing Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Emad Hussein, Hala Borno, and John van Aalst
43 Challenges in Cleft Care in Underdeveloped Countries . . . . . 879
Isaac L. Wornom III
Part XV Psychological/Team Function
44 Examining the Team Process: Developing
and Sustaining Effective Craniofacial Team Care . . . . . . . . . . 885
Lynn M. Fox and Patricia Ann Stone
45 Living with a Cleft: Psychological Challenges,
Support and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
Nichola Rumsey and Nicola Marie Stock
46 Managing Teasing and Bullying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
Sara Shavel-Jessop, Joanna Shearer, Elizabeth McDowell,
and Daniela Hearst
Part XVI Multicenter Clinical Reports
47 Eurocleft and Americleft Studies: Experiments
in Intercenter and International Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
Ross E. Long Jr., William C. Shaw, and Gunvor Semb
Part XVII Recording Patient Orthodontic/Surgical Findings
48 Berkowitz Recording Patient Information Form . . . . . . . . . . . 947
Samuel Berkowitz
Part XVIII The Patient’s World
49 Social, Ethical, and Health Policy Issues in the Care
of Children with Major Craniofacial Conditions . . . . . . . . . . 955
Ronald P. Strauss
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967