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Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a popular and effective technique for quick tissue diagnosis. It is used to investigate superficial lumps or masses that are just under the skin.
This atlas is a practical guide to fine need aspiration cytology for trainees and pathologists. Beginning with an introduction to its clinical use and techniques, the following chapters examine the procedure in all anatomical regions of the body, including lung and pleura, breast, liver, kidney and musculoskeletal system. A complete chapter is dedicated to its use for paediatric tumours.
The book covers both rare and common neoplastic lesions, with key features listed in tabular form for each one.
Written by a recognised expert from the University of Missouri, the atlas is highly illustrated with colour images that present cytological features as well as relevant immunohistochemical and molecular findings.
Key points
Lester J Layfield MD FASCP
Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
xiii
Contents
Contents
1.
Clinical Utility, Technique and Ancillary Studies
1
Lester J Layfield
•
Gu
idance
Techniques
1
•
Biopsy
Equipment
1
•
Biopsy
Procedure
2
•
Fixation
and
Staining
3
•
Ancillary
Techniques
3
•
Culture
for
Infectious
Organisms
4
•
Electron
Microscopy
4
•
Immunocytochemistry
4
•
Flow
Cytometry
5
•
Fluorescence
in
Situ
Hybridization
and
Chromogenic
in
Situ
Hybridization
6
•
Molecul
ar
Diagnostics
6
2.
Head & Neck and Salivary Gland
11
Jerzy Klijanienko
•
G
ene
ral
Considerations
11
•
FNA
as
a
Diagnostic
Method
in
Head
and
Neck
Tumors
11
•
FNA
as
a
Diagnostic
Method
in
Salivary
Gland
Tumors
17
•
FNA
Classification
of
Salivary
Gland
Tumors
19
•
Tumors
in
Which
Myoepithelial
Cells
Predominate
19
•
Tumors
with
Oncocytic
Cell
Predominance
23
•
Tumors
with
Basal
Cell
Predominance
25
•
Tumors
with
Squamous
Cell
Predominance
28
•
Tumors
with
Mucin
Production
29
•
Tumors
with
Acinic
Cell
Predominance
32
•
Tumors
w
ith
N
onspecific/Poorly
Differentiated
Cell
Predominance
34
3.
Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid
40
Zubair W Baloch
•
FNA
Indicatio
ns,
Procedure,
Specimen,
Adequacy,
and
Classification
40
•
Cytomorphology
of
Thyroid
Lesions
41
•
Rare
Tumors
of
Thyroid
Gland
55
•
Role
of
Sp
ecial
Studies
in
the
Diagnosis
of
Thyroid
Tumors
in
Cytologic
Specimens
57
4.
Mediastinum
63
Lester J Layfield
•
Clinical
Con
si
derations
63
•
Cytologic
Findings
in
Common
Mediastinal
Lesions
64
•
Malignant
Neop
lasms
of
the
Mediastinum
69
xiv
Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
5.
Lung and Pleura
77
Lester J Layfield
•
Clinical
Consider
ations
and
Technical
Aspects
77
•
Cytologic
Features
of
Normal
Lung
78
•
Specific
and
Nonspecific
Inflammatory
Changes
80
•
Pulmonary
Neoplasms
83
•
Metastatic
Lesions
to
the
Lung
96
•
Pleural
Lesion
s
97
6.
The Breast
104
Shahla Masood, Marilin Rosa
•
Inflammator
y
and
Reactive
Lesions
105
•
Nonproliferative
Breast
Changes
107
•
Fibroepithelial
Tumors
108
•
Proliferative
Breast
Disease
110
•
Papillary
Neoplasms
113
•
In
Situ
Lesions
of
the
Breast
115
•
Invasive
Carcinoma
116
•
Mesenchymal
Tumors
121
•
Lymphoproliferative
Disorders
123
•
Lesions
of
the
M
ale
Breast
124
7.
Fine Needle Aspiration of Lymphoid Lesions
133
Hasan Ghaffar
•
Technical
Considerations
134
•
Ancillary
Studies
134
•
Diagnosis
of
Lymphoma
136
8.
Liver
149
Harvey M Cramer
•
Clinical
Considerations
and
Technical
Aspects
149
•
Localized
Lesions
and
Lesions
of
Infectious
Etiology
152
•
Primary
Hepatic
Neoplasms
155
9.
Pancreas Cytology
174
Martha Bishop Pitman, Barbara A Centeno
•
Specimen
Preparation
and
Tissue
Triage
174
•
Normal
Pancreas
and
Gastrointestinal
Contaminants
176
•
Pancreatitis
178
•
Non-neoplastic
Cysts
181
•
Solid
Neoplasms
183
•
Cystic
Neoplasms
195
•
Metastatic
Tumors
205
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